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. 2020 Dec 7;8:213. doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-01087-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Amyloid induction by blood infusion is not mediated by acute systemic inflammation. The development of a systemic inflammatory response to blood infusions was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (a) and plasma (b) from animals subjected to the different treatments (n = 4). Various pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and MCP-1) were measured 1.5 h or 7 days after blood administration to evaluate acute and chronic inflammatory changes. Release of these cytokines from PBMC was measured after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, as described in “Materials and methods” section. In PBMC, IL-10 and MCP-1 were not detectable above the background and in plasma, only IL-6 was detectable above the background levels. Statistical analyses showed that blood administration produced a significant activation of these cytokines; however no differences were observed between WT and transgenic blood