Table 3.
cRDT and uRDT performance indicators using RT-qPCR as the gold-standard, overall and by age group
| RDT type | All ages (N = 4396) | < 5 years old (N = 2373) | 5–15 years old (N = 1159) | ≥ 15 years old (N = 850) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | (95% CI) | Estimate | (95% CI) | Estimate | (95% CI) | Estimate | (95% CI) | ||
| Sensitivity | cRDT | 61.5 | (53.9–68.6) | 69.8 | (57.0–80.8) | 71.9 | (59.2–82.4) | 39.2 | (25.8–53.9) |
| uRDT | 68.2 | (60.8–74.9) | 68.3 | (55.3–79.4) | 79.7 | (67.8–88.7) | 54.9 | (40.3–68.9) | |
| Specificity | cRDT | 99.2 | (98.9–99.4) | 99.2 | (98.7–99.5) | 98.9 | (98.1–99.4) | 99.6 | (98.9–99.9) |
| uRDT | 99.0 | (98.6–99.2) | 99.0 | (98.5–99.4) | 98.5 | (97.5–99.1) | 99.5 | (98.7–99.9) | |
| PPV | cRDT | 76.4 | (68.6–83.1) | 69.8 | (57.0–80.8) | 79.3 | (66.7–88.8) | 87.0 | (66.4–97.2) |
| uRDT | 73.5 | (66.1–80.0) | 65.2 | (52.4–76.5) | 75.0 | (63.0–84.7) | 87.5 | (71.0–96.5) | |
| NPV | cRDT | 98.4 | (98.0–98.7) | 99.2 | (98.7–99.5) | 98.4 | (97.4–99.0) | 96.3 | (94.7–97.4) |
| uRDT | 98.7 | (98.3–99.0) | 99.1 | (98.7–99.5) | 98.8 | (98.0–99.4) | 97.2 | (95.8–98.2) | |
| LR + | cRDT | 76.2 | (53.5–108.6) | 84.9 | (52.7–136.7) | 65.6 | (36.6–117.5) | 104.4 | (32.1–339.9) |
| uRDT | 65.3 | (47.9–89.1) | 68.5 | (44.1–106.4) | 51.3 | (31.5–83.6) | 109.7 | (40.0–300.7) | |
| LR- | cRDT | 0.4 | (0.3–0.5) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.4) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.8) |
| uRDT | 0.3 | (0.3–0.4) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.5) | 0.2 | (0.1–0.3) | 0.5 | (0.3–0.6) | |
| DOR | cRDT | 196.1 | (125.0–307.8) | 279.1 | (138.9–561.2) | 230.6 | (105.6–503.7) | 171.2 | (51.1–566.9) |
| uRDT | 203.0 | (131.9–312.5) | 213.7 | (109.7–416.4) | 248.8 | (115.3–536.9) | 242.0 | (81.2–714.0) | |
| AUC | cRDT | 0.80 | (0.77–0.84) | 0.85 | (0.79–0.90) | 0.85 | (0.80–0.91) | 0.69 | (0.63–0.76) |
| uRDT | 0.84 | (0.80–0.87) | 0.84 | (0.78–0.89) | 0.89 | (0.84–0.94) | 0.77 | (0.70–0.84) | |
PPV Positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, LR+ positive likelihood ratio, LR− negative likelihood ratio, DOR diagnostic odds ratio, AUC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve