Table 1.
Clinical characteristics in COPD patients with severe exacerbation versus those without severe exacerbation
| Non exacerbator | Exacerbator | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 393 | 88 | |
| Age (years) | 71.6 ± 0.4 | 73.3 ± 1.0 | 0.1 |
| Gender (male/female) | 371/22 | 83/5 | 0.98 |
| Height | 162.9 ± 0.4 | 162.1 ± 0.8 | 0.62 |
| Body weight | 59.1 ± 0.6 | 53.5 ± 1.1 | < 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 0.4 | < 0.01 |
| Smoking history (pack-year) | 58.9 ± 1.6 | 63.0 ± 2.7 | 0.29 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Hypertension | 185 (47.1%) | 42 (47.7%) | 0.91 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 77 (19.7%) | 18 (20.5%) | 0.87 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 60 (15.4%) | 15 (17.1%) | 0.69 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 60 (15.4%) | 27 (30.7%) | < 0.01 |
| COPD assessment test | 10.3 ± 0.5 | 19.9 ± 1.3 | < 0.01 |
| mMRC dyspnea scale, grades | 1.48 ± 0.12 | 2.67 ± 0.71 | < 0.01 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| White blood cell (/ml) | 6652.4 ± 82.4 | 6830.7 ± 194.6 | 0.36 |
| Blood eosinophil (%) | 2.73 ± 0.11 | 2.84 ± 0.27 | 0.66 |
| Blood eosinophil count (/ml) | 175.4 ± 7.4 | 184.2 ± 17.4 | 0.61 |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 3.81 ± 0.02 | 3.60 ± 0.06 | < 0.01 |
| Pulmonary function test | |||
| VC (L) | 3.16 ± 0.04 | 2.84 ± 0.09 | < 0.01 |
| FVC (L) | 3.02 ± 0.04 | 2.65 ± 0.09 | < 0.01 |
| FEV1.0 (L) | 1.66 ± 0.03 | 1.24 ± 0.06 | < 0.01 |
| FEV1.0/FVC (%) | 54.4 ± 0.0 | 46.6 ± 0.0 | < 0.01 |
| %FEV1.0 (%) | 75.4 ± 1.1 | 58.6 ± 2.6 | < 0.01 |
| DLco (%) | 71.0 ± 2.3 | 55.7 ± 3.7 | < 0.01 |
| TRPG (mmHg) | 27 ± 1.1 | 38.5 ± 2.2 | < 0.01 |
| Treatment | |||
| Long-term oxygen therapy | 20 (5.1%) | 42 (47.7%) | < 0.01 |
| LAMA | 176 (45.1%) | 49 (55.7%) | 0.07 |
| LABA | 155 (39.7%) | 60 (68.2%) | < 0.01 |
| ICS | 73 (18.7%) | 41 (46.6%) | < 0.01 |
| Macrolide | 27 (7.0%) | 23 (26.1%) | < 0.01 |
| β blocker | 37 (9.5%) | 12 (13.6%) | 0.27 |
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMI body mass index, mMRC modified medical research council, VC vital capacity, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV1.0 forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s, DLco diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide, TRPG transtricuspid pressure gradient, LAMA long acting muscarinic antagonist, LABA long acting β2 adrenergic agonist, ICS inhaled corticosteroid. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation