TABLE 2.
Racial and ethnic disparities on quality and utilization measures
| Black‐White total disparity | Hispanic‐White total disparity | API‐White total disparity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute difference | Better care (P < .05) | Absolute difference | Better care (P < .05) | Absolute difference | Better care (P < .05) | |
| Process | ||||||
| Breast cancer screening, % | 3.6 | Black | 8.3 | White | 4.9 | White |
| Colorectal cancer screening, % | 2.1 | Black | 4.2 | White | 1.2 | White |
| Diabetes eye examination, % | 1.0 | Black | 8.7 | White | 5.2 | API |
| Medication adherence | ||||||
| Diabetes medications, % | 10.5 | White | 11.3 | White | 0.7 | Neither |
| Antidepressant medications, % | 17.6 | White | 26.2 | White | 15.1 | White |
| Continuity and coordination | ||||||
| Continuity of care, % | 1.1 | Black | 2.5 | Hispanic | 3.9 | API |
| Follow‐up after ED visit, % | 7.7 | White | 3.2 | White | 0.6 | Neither |
| Follow‐up after hospitalization, % | 2.9 | White | 0.1 | Neither | 0.8 | Neither |
| Follow‐up after hospitalization for mental illness, % | 12.4 | White | 7.4 | White | 2.8 | Neither |
| Utilization | ||||||
| Emergency department visits, per 100 beneficiaries | 5.3 | White | 4.5 | White | 14.2 | API |
| All‐cause readmissions, % | 0.1 | Black | 1.7 | White | 1.5 | White |
| One or more ACSC hospitalizations, % | 0.5 | White | 0.2 | Hispanic | 0.7 | API |
The absolute value of the racial or ethnic difference in quality of care is reported. All results are statistically significant at P < .05 after adjustment for multiple comparisons except when indicated by the word “Neither.” Bold results reflect an effect size exceeding 0.2 standard deviations (for binary or continuous measures) or a disparity exceeding 5 percentage points (for binary measures).
Abbreviations: ACSC, Ambulatory care‐sensitive condition; ED, Emergency Department.