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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 7.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoporos Int. 2019 Jan 30;30(5):1033–1041. doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-04854-6

Table 3.

Osteoporosis self-efficacy item and subscale responses by sex

Item Sample (N = 7749) Men (N = 1260) Women (N = 6489)
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD p value
OSE exercise
 Overall 77.41 (21.88) 78.72 (20.48) 77.15 (22.14) 0.014
  1. Begin a new or different exercise program. 7.86 (2.60) 7.88 (2.48) 7.85 (2.63) 0.68
  2. Change your exercise habits 7.86 (2.48) 7.87 (2.38) 7.86 (2.50) 0.84
  3. Put forth the effort required to exercise 8.03 (2.32) 8.04 (2.21) 8.03 (2.34) 0.85
  4. Do exercises even if they are difficult 7.45 (2.55) 7.72 (2.35) 7.40 (2.58) <0.0001
  5. Maintain a regular exercise program 7.53 (2.52) 7.62 (2.42) 7.51 (2.54) 0.15
  6. Exercise for the appropriate length of time 7.66 (2.47) 7.88 (2.29) 7.62 (2.50) 0.0006
  7. Do exercises even if they are tiring 7.54 (2.49) 7.80 (2.30) 7.48 (2.52) <0.0001
  8. Stick to your exercise program 7.42 (2.53) 7.67 (2.39) 7.37 (2.55) 0.0003
  9. Exercise at least three times a week 8.08 (2.47) 8.13 (2.40) 8.07 (2.48) 0.46
  10. Do the type of exercise that you are supposed to do 7.99 (2.42) 8.11 (2.34) 7.97 (2.43) 0.06
OSE calcium
 Overall 94.38 (18.17) 91.34 (19.28) 94.97 (17.89) <0.0001
  11. Begin to eat more calcium-rich foods 8.53 (1.97) 8.23 (2.04) 8.59 (1.95) < 0.0001
  12. Increase your calcium intake 8.68 (1.89) 8.42 (1.96) 8.73 (1.87) <0.0001
  13. Consume adequate amounts of calcium-rich foods 8.54 (1.89) 8.33 (1.94) 8.58 (1.88) <0.0001
  14. Eat calcium-rich foods on a regular basis 8.57 (1.93) 8.29 (1.99) 8.63 (1.91) < 0.0001
  15. Change your diet to include more calcium-rich foods 8.58 (1.94) 8.27 (2.05) 8.64 (1.91) <0.0001
  16. Eat calcium-rich foods as often as you are supposed to 8.40 (1.97) 8.16 (2.05) 8.44 (1.96) <0.0001
  17. Select appropriate foods to increase your calcium intake 8.50 (1.94) 8.10 (2.10) 8.58 (1.90) <0.0001
  18. Stick to a diet which gives an adequate amount of calcium 8.43 (1.95) 8.26 (1.99) 8.46 (1.94) <0.0001
  19. Obtain foods that give an adequate amount of calcium 8.67 (1.84) 8.34 (2.00) 8.73 (1.80) <0.0001
  20. Remember to eat calcium-rich foods 8.57 (1.87) 8.25 (2.01) 8.64 (1.84) <0.0001
  21. Take calcium supplements if you don’t get enough calcium from your diet 8.90 (2.02) 8.69 (2.01) 8.94 (2.03) <0.0001

Item score range: “1-Not at all confident” to “10-Very confident,” 0 scores corresponded to refusal Exercise subscale range, 10 to 100; calcium subscale range, 11 to 110