Table 1.

Dietary advice given to participants based on the answers from the mini nutritional assessment instrument.

	Advice aiming at improving …				Other	Advice regarding …
MNA question with low scores	Energy densitya	Nutrient densityb	Texture of food	Number of meals per dayc	Advice to relatives	How to complete meals	Protein-dense foods	Increased vegetable or fruit intake	Increased fluid intake
Declined food intake	✓	✓	✓	✓
Recent weight loss	✓		✓	✓
Mobility					✓
Neuropsychological problems					✓
Body mass index	✓			✓
Living independently					✓
Number of full meals						✓
Protein intake							✓
Vegetable intake								✓
Fluid intake									✓
Mode of feeding					✓
Mid arm circumference	✓		✓
Calf circumference	✓	✓	✓

^aEnergy density: dietary advice regarding energy supplementation with energy-dense food, e.g., butter, margarine, full-fat dairy products (milk/yoghurt/cream), oil, and sugar. Beverages should be energy-dense.

^bNutrient density: improved content of protein, vitamins, and minerals in meals.

^cNumber of meals per day: the energy and nutrient content should be distributed into 3 main meals and 1–3 in-between meals. The overnight fast should not exceed 11 h.