Table 3.
All-cause mortality for the three interventions and the control group.
| Nutritional status | Intervention | Unadjusted HR (95% CI)a |
p Value | Adjusted HR (95% CI)b |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | DA | 1.16 (0.88–1.53) | 0.296 | 1.21 (0.83–1.75) | 0.317 |
| ONS | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 0.749 | 1.08 (0.73–1.60) | 0.691 | |
| DA + ONS | 1.08 (0.81–1.43) | 0.603 | 1.08 (0.74–1.56) | 0.693 | |
| Control | 1.00c | 1.00c | |||
| At risk of malnutrition | DA | 1.24 (0.89–1.72) | 0.201 | 1.20 (0.83–1.74) | 0.342 |
| ONS | 1.11 (0.79–1.55) | 0.553 | 1.08 (0.73–1.60) | 0.688 | |
| DA + ONS | 0.98 (0.70–1.39) | 0.929 | 1.08 (0.74–1.56) | 0.691 | |
| Control | 1.00c | 1.00c | |||
| Malnourished | DA | 0.97 (0.58–1.64) | 0.918 | 1.01 (0.53–1.92) | 0.984 |
| ONS | 0.90 (0.53–1.52) | 0.686 | 1.22 (0.64–2.33) | 0.538 | |
| DA + ONS | 1.39 (0.85–2.29) | 0.193 | 1.03 (0.53–2.01) | 0.931 | |
| Control | 1.00c | 1.00c |
Results of separate Cox regression analyses for the participants at risk of malnutrition and the malnourished participants, respectively.
aResults based on 506 (100.0%) participants at risk of malnutrition and 165 (100.0%) malnourished participants.
bAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, living alone, length of overnight fast, cooks independently, receiving home care service, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and number of medications. Age is included as piecewise with change point at 731 days of follow-up for both nutritional status groups, as are smoking, cooks independently, and number of medications for the malnourished group. For the total group, age is included as piecewise with change points at 731 and 1461 days of follow-up. The results are based on 423 (83.6%) participants at risk of malnutrition and 125 (75.8%) malnourished participants with complete values for all variables.
cReference category.
DA: dietary advice; HR: hazard ratio; ONS: oral nutritional supplements.