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. 2020 Dec 4;2(12):e0295. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000295

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Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 2. — Decision tree from classification and regression analysis (CART) analysis using biomarkers and clinical variables. CART analysis using all 58 biomarkers and five clinical variables (age, sex, non-White/White race, oncologic comorbidity, and Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III score), only angiopoietin (Ang)-2/Ang-1 ratio, vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentration-discriminated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subtype. The decision tree shows branchpoints based on raw biomarker concentration determined by the model. In the first generation, the branchpoint is determined by Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio ≥ 12.7 (high) vs < 12.7 (low). In the second generation, branchpoints are determined by VCAM for patients with high Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio and by vWF for patients with low Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio. Indirect ARDS is associated with VCAM ≥ 2.5 µg/mL and high Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio, and with vWF ≥ 1,006 pg/mL and low Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio.