TABLE 1.
Demographics and neuropsychological measures [mean (SD)] for veterans with pTBI and healthy controls
| Variables/group | pTBI n = 170 | Control n = 30 |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics: | ||
| Age (years) | 57.92 (2.46) | 58.57 (2.02) |
| Education (years) | 14.61 (2.47) | 14.70 (2.59) |
| Handedness (R:L:A) a | 141:23:6 | 25:4:1 |
| Neuropsychological: | ||
| Preinjury IQ b | 60.48 (25.43) | 68.66 (22.09) |
| Theory of Mind c | 0.24 (3.16) | −0.33 (3.97) |
| Working memory d | 96.47 (14.72) | 104.73 (13.54)* |
| Verbal comprehension e | 106.05 (15.55) | 110.33 (9.84) |
Note: * denotes significant group difference p < .05.
Abbreviations: pTBI, penetrating traumatic brain‐injury; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
a
Handedness (L:R:A), Left, right, and ambiguous.
b
Percentile score of Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT).
c
Strange stories task: difference score between ToM and Control condition. Lower score reflects lower ToM performance.
d
WAIS Working Memory Index score.
e
WAIS Verbal Comprehension Index score.