Table 1.

UICC TNM Staging of Kidney Tumours

Primary Tumour
T	Features
TX	Primary tumour cannot be assessed
T0	No evidence of primary tumour
T1	Tumour 7cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney
T1a	Tumour 4cm or less
T1b	Tumour more than 4cm but not more than 7cm
T2	Tumour more than 7cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney
T2a	Tumour more than 7cm but not more than 10cm
T2b	Tumour more than 10cm, limited to the kidney
T3	Tumour extends into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota fascia
T3a	Tumour extends into the renal vein or its segmental branches, or tumour invades the pelvicalyceal system, or tumour invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat
T3b	Tumour extends into vena cava below the diaphragm
T3c	Tumour extends into vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava
T4	Tumour invades beyond Gerota fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland)
Regional Lymph Nodes (hilar, abdominal para-aortic and para-caval nodes)
N	Features
NX	Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0	No regional lymph node metastasis
N1	Metastasis in regional lymph node(s)
Distant Metastasis
M	Features
M0	No distant metastasis
M1	Distant metastasis
Prognostic Stage Groups
Stage	T	N	M
Stage I	T1	N0	M0
Stage II	T2	N0	M0
Stage III	T3	N0	M0
	T1, T2, T3	N1	M0
Stage IV	T4	Any N	M0
	Any T	Any N	M1

Notes: Reproduced with permission from John Wiley and Sons © (2017). TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, Eighth Edition. Edited by James D. Brierley, Mary K. Gospodarowicz and Christian Wittekind (2017).¹⁷