Table 2.
RNA species | Mechanism inducing apoptosis by oxidized RNAs | Ref |
---|---|---|
Oxidized messenger RNA (mRNA) | Specific binding of poly(C)-binding protein 1 (PCB1) to heavily oxidized mRNA carrying two 8-oxo-guanine residues at the 9th and 15th positions triggers caspase-3 activation and subsequent apoptosis. | [16] |
Oxidized transfer RNA (tRNA) | Because tRNA is accessible in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, oxidation of tRNA can be catalyzed by cytochrome c (cyt c) and leads to the formation of cross-linking complex between tRNA and cyt c. then, oxidized tRNA facilitates cyt c release from mitochondria and subsequently induces apoptosis. | [68] |
Oxidized microRNA (miRNA) | Oxidized miRNA-184 containing 8-oxo-guanosine associates with the 3′ UTRs of Bcl-xL and Bcl-w that are not its native targets. Subsequent reduction in Bcl-xL and Bcl-w is responsible for the cells undergoing apoptosis. | [19] |
3′ UTRs: three prime untranslated regions.