Table 2.

Results of the Network Objective Function: cGAN. The influence of mixing the cGAN objective with different pixel-wise error losses and varying their significance by changing the weighting hyperparameter λ on the segmentation performance of the proposed cGAN was assessed. Highest DSCs achieved for each tissue are in bold.

Network Objective Function Results
cGAN
Pixel Loss	λ	F Bone	T Bone	P Bone	F Cartilage	T Cartilage	P Cartilage	VM Muscle	GM Muscle	ACL	PCL
L1	0	0.931 ± 0.020	0.864 ± 0.008	0.911 ± 0.036	0.774 ± 0.030	0.717 ± 0.108	0.872 ± 0.030	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000
	0.01	0.900 ± 0.018	0.890 ± 0.031	0.912 ± 0.002	0.727 ± 0.023	0.715 ± 0.060	0.850 ± 0.048	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.509 ± 0.009	0.171 ± 0.208
	1	0.899 ± 0.014	0.856 ± 0.010	0.807 ± 0.060	0.465 ± 0.037	0.666 ± 0.022	0.426 ± 0.098	0.611 ± 0.181	0.595 ± 0.054	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000
	100	0.918 ± 0.011	0.948 ± 0.018	0.928 ± 0.002	0.812 ± 0.002	0.748 ± 0.042	0.863 ± 0.043	0.113 ± 0.085	0.000 ± 0.000	0.577 ± 0.020	0.073 ± 0.103
	10,000	0.968 ± 0.006	0.944 ± 0.026	0.917 ± 0.008	0.875 ± 0.021	0.810 ± 0.036	0.840 ± 0.065	0.879 ± 0.036	0.793 ± 0.080	0.432 ± 0.237	0.338 ± 0.386
L2	0.01	0.902 ± 0.004	0.915 ± 0.003	0.923 ± 0.005	0.750 ± 0.002	0.740 ± 0.079	0.834 ± 0.077	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000
	1	0.902 ± 0.046	0.902 ± 0.008	0.902 ± 0.044	0.741 ± 0.004	0.736 ± 0.033	0.838 ± 0.041	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.149 ± 0.104	0.002 ± 0.002
	100	0.928 ± 0.015	0.939 ± 0.007	0.921 ± 0.022	0.768 ± 0.016	0.752 ± 0.049	0.862 ± 0.039	0.001 ± 0.001	0.000 ± 0.000	0.652 ± 0.094	0.101 ± 0.074
	10,000	0.952 ± 0.000	0.950 ± 0.015	0.923 ± 0.001	0.828 ± 0.043	0.684 ± 0.092	0.832 ± 0.054	0.814 ± 0.145	0.856 ± 0.121	0.440 ± 0.084	0.293 ± 0.358
SmL1	0.01	0.914 ± 0.034	0.902 ± 0.003	0.920 ± 0.011	0.726 ± 0.007	0.729 ± 0.042	0.762 ± 0.068	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.343 ± 0.066	0.000 ± 0.000
	1	0.884 ± 0.044	0.912 ± 0.006	0.926 ± 0.013	0.740 ± 0.014	0.732 ± 0.044	0.829 ± 0.067	0.055 ± 0.007	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000
	100	0.903 ± 0.019	0.944 ± 0.006	0.936 ± 0.003	0.776 ± 0.035	0.741 ± 0.066	0.857 ± 0.029	0.031 ± 0.044	0.070 ± 0.100	0.578 ± 0.053	0.044 ± 0.052
	10,000	0.951 ± 0.002	0.946 ± 0.018	0.935 ± 0.015	0.825 ± 0.035	0.738 ± 0.047	0.797 ± 0.088	0.914 ± 0.001	0.837 ± 0.146	0.261 ± 0.073	0.374 ± 0.341

Training and testing were performed on the AMROA training and testing datasets, respectively.

DSCs presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: F Bone – femoral bone, T Bone – tibial bone, P Bone – patellar bone, F Cartilage – femoral cartilage, T Cartilage – tibial cartilage, P Cartilage – patellar cartilage, VM Muscle - vastus medialis muscle, GM Muscle – medial head of gastrocnemius medialis muscle, ACL – anterior cruciate ligament, PCL – posterior cruciate ligament, DSC - Sørensen–Dice similarity coefficient.