Fig. 4.

Benchmark analysis of the link between age and IFR. Note: This figure depicts the relationship between the infection fatality rate (IFR) and age, where IFR is shown in percentage terms. Each marker denotes a specific metaregression observation, that is, the IFR for a particular age group in a particular location. The marker style reflects the type of observation: circles for observations from seroprevalence studies of representative samples, diamonds for seroprevalence studies of convenience samples, and squares for countries with comprehensive tracing programs. The red line denotes the metaregression estimate of IFR as a function of age, the shaded region depicts the 95% confidence interval for that estimate. The dashed lines denote the prediction interval (which includes random variations across studies and age groups); almost all of the 104 metaregression observations lie within that interval