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. 2020 Dec 7;10:21391. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78369-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PZ-DHA undergoes phase II metabolism in the presence of freshly prepared mouse liver microsomes. PZ-DHA (1.1 µM) was incubated with S-(5′-adenosyl)-L-methionine chloride dihydrochloride (1 mM), glucuronic acid (2 mM) and alamethicin (25 µg/mL) and adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulfate lithium salt, hydrate (0.5 mM) in the presence of mouse liver microsomal enzymes (3 mg/mL) at 37 °C for 1 h. (A) Tri-methylated-PZ-DHA (4,4′,6′-tri-O-methyl-phloridzin docosahexaenoate) (MW = 788.88 g/mol), (B) phloridzin docosahexaenoate-4-O-glucuronide (MW = 923.02 g/mol) and phloridzin docosahexaenoate-4′-O-glucuronide (MW = 923.02 g/mol), and (C) sulfated-PZ-DHA (phloridzin docosahexaenoate-4,4′-di-O-sulphide) metabolite (MW = 906.20 g/mol) were identified.