Table 6.

Predicting Spanish Expressive Vocabulary, as Measured by the EOWPVT, Between 2.5 and 5 Years, Estimates of Fixed Effects (and SEs) from a Series of Growth Models (N = 126)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 3 p value
Intercept	1.80 (1.28)***	5.07 (1.75)**	4.97 (1.66)	= .003
Age	2.70 (0.21)***	3.14 (1.04)**	3.73 (0.61)	< .001
Spanish Exposure	0.08 (0.02)***	0.04 (0.02)*	0.07 (0.02)	< .001
Birth Order		−2.85 (1.44)*	−3.19 (1.36)	= .021
Phonological Memory in Spanish		0.12 (0.03)***	0.10 (0.02)	< .001
Mother Educated in Spanish		1.83 (1.99)	2.51 (1.86)	= .177
Mother College Degree in Spanish		3.54 (1.56)*	2.90 (1.45)	= .048
Age2		−0.18 (0.19)	−0.31 (0.07)	< .001
Age × Spanish Exposure		0.02 (0.02)
Age × Birth Order		−1.70 (0.85)*	−1.04 (0.41)	= .013
Age × Phonological Memory in Spanish		0.00 (0.02)
Age × Mother Educated in Spanish		3.01 (1.20)*	1.39 (0.51)	= .007
Age × Mother College Degree in Spanish		−0.70 (0.91)
Age2 × Spanish Exposure		0.00 (0.00)
Age2 × Birth Order		0.17 (0.15)
Age2 × Phonological Memory in Spanish		0.00 (0.00)
Age2 × Mother Educated in Spanish		−0.39 (0.22)
Age2 × Mother College Degree in Spanish		0.15 (0.16)
Goodness of fit
-2LL	4271.289	3948.127	3962.651
AIC	4285.289	3992.127	3990.651
BIC	4316.464	4088.896	4051.232

Note. Model 1includes Age and Exposure as predictors. Model 2 adds Birth Order, Phonological Memory in Spanish, Maternal Education in Spanish, Age², and all two-way interactions with Age and Age². In Model 3 all nonsignificant interaction terms are trimmed; this is the most parsimonious model. −2LL = −2 log-likelihood; AIC = Akaike information criterion; BIC = Bayesian information criterion. EOWPVT = Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test, Bilingual Edition.