(A) Chemical structures of tRNA modifications: pseudouridine (Ψ), 4-thiouridine (s4U), 1-methyladeno (m1A), 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine (acp3U), and queuosine (Q).
(B) Modification sites and types in E. coli, H. volcanii, and S. cerevisiae tRNAs. The positions and types of modifications present in one or more tRNA species are indicated on the schematic secondary structure of tRNAs. The information is based on [1,54].