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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: FASEB J. 2020 Aug 19;34(10):13726–13740. doi: 10.1096/fj.202001248R

Figure 2: 1,4-DPCA/hydrogel downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and upregulates osteogenic gene expression during the resolution of periodontitis.

Figure 2:

Groups of mice were subjected to LIP for 10 days. One group was euthanized at day 10 for dissecting gingiva for cytokine expression analysis. In two other groups subjected to LIP, the ligatures were removed on day 10 for another 5 days to enable resolution. At the onset of resolution (day 10), these mice were subcutaneously injected once with 1,4-DPCA/hydrogel, or vehicle alone, and were euthanized at day 15. Gingival tissues were analyzed for gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. The mRNA expression of the indicated molecules was normalized to that of Hprt; results are presented as fold change relative to the mRNA levels of the unligated contralateral sites of the vehicle control-treated mice, assigned an average value of 1. Data are shown as means ± SD (n=6 mice/per group from two independent experiments, each performed in triplicates). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 (ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple-comparisons test).