Table 1.
Characteristics of Black and White Hospitalized Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Dementia
| 2001–2002 | 2005–2006 | 2009–2010a | 2013–2014 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Blacks | Whites | Blacks | Whites | Blacks | Whites | Blacks | Whites |
| Total No. | 10,712 | 38,450 | 10,466 | 36,374 | 6,722 | 23,696 | 6,394 | 20,277 |
| Received IMV, No. (%) | 893 (8.3) | 1,508 (3.9) | 1,085 (10.4) | 1,710 (4.7) | 1,047 (15.6) | 1910 (8.1) | 1,382 (21.6) | 2,415(11.9) |
| Age, mean (SD) [IQR], y | 83.6 (8.0) [78–89] | 84.3 (7.4) [79–90] | 83.3 (8.0) [78–89] | 84.3 (7.3) [79–89] | 83.1 (8.1) [77–89] | 84.3 (7.5) [79–90] | 82.7 (8.1) [77–89] | 84.0 (7.7) [79–90] |
| Female, % (95% Cl) | 64.7 (63.5–65. 6) | 67.8 (67.4–68.3) | 65.0 (64.1–65.9) | 65.0 (64.5–65.5) | 63.0 (61.9–64.2) | 61.6 (60.9–62.2) | 59.5 (58.3–60.7) | 58.7 (58.0–59.3) |
| 7 ADL dependencies present, % (95% Cl) | 87.8 (87.2–88.4) | 78.4 (77.9–78.8) | 89.2 (88.6–89.8) | 78.4 (78.0–78.9) | 89.8 (89.0–90.5) | 78.0 (77.4–78.5) | 83.7 (82.7–84.6) | 75.9 (75.3–76.5) |
| CPS score of 6, % (95% Cl)b | 88.5 (87.9–89.1) | 74.9 (74.5–75.4) | 86.9 (86.3–87.6) | 68.8 (68.3–69.3) | 82.1 (81.2–83.0) | 61.9 (61.2–62.5) | 74.3 (73.3–75.4) | 53.1 (52.4–53.8) |
| Feeding tube present, % (95% Cl) | 69.5 (68.6–70.3) | 37.8 (37.3–38.2) | 67.6 (66.7–68.5) | 34.5 (34.0–35.0) | 66.3 (65.2–67.4) | 33.5 (32.9–34.1) | 62.8 (61.6–64.0) | 32.1 (31.4–32.7) |
| Comorbidities from preadmission, % (95% Cl) | ||||||||
| Cancer | 7.0 (6.5–7.5) | 6.3 (6.0–6.5) | 6.0 (5.6–6.5) | 6.1 (5.9–6.4) | 6.8 (6.2–7.4) | 5.9 (5.6–6.2) | 5.3 (4.7–5.9) | 3.9 (3.7–4.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus, type II | 35.6 (34.7–36.5) | 22.0 (21.6–22.4) | 43.6 (42.7–44.6) | 26.1 (25.7–26.6) | 48.5 (47.3–49.7) | 30.2 (29.6–30.8) | 46.6 (45.4–47.9) | 29.4 (28.8–30.0) |
| CHF | 22.2 (21.4–23.0) | 25.1 (24.7–25.5) | 23.3 (22.4–24.1) | 24.3 (23.8–24.7) | 20.9 (19.9–21.9) | 22.5 (22.0–23.0) | 19.9 (18.9–20.9) | 19.9(19.3–20.4) |
| Stroke | 44.4 (43.4–45.3) | 28.4 (28.0–28.9) | 44.2 (43.2–45.2) | 27.0 (26.6–27.5) | 43.1 (41.9–44.3) | 25.4 (24.9–26.0) | 35.6 (34.5–36.8) | 20.7 (20.2–21.3) |
| Renal failure | 8.7 (8.2–9.3) | 4.8 (4.6–5.0) | 10.0 (9.4–10.5) | 5.4 (5.1–5.6) | 12.8 (12.0–13.6) | 7.6 (7.3–7.9) | 14.9 (14.0–15.8) | 9.1 (8.7–9.5) |
| Hip fracture | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) | 2.0 (1.7–2.3) | 4.6 (4.4–4.8) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 4.2 (3.9–4.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 3.4 (3.2–3.7) |
| Hospital length of stay, mean (SD) [IQR], d | 9.6 (9.2) [4–12] | 7.7 (7.0) [4–9] | 9.1 (8.4) [4–11] | 7.2 (6.4) [4–9] | 8.9 (8.2) [4–11] | 7.0 (6.4) [3–9] | 8.6 (7.4) [4–11] | 6.8 (6.4) [3–8] |
| ICU admission, % (95% Cl) | 24.8 (24.0–25.6) | 15.9 (15.6–16.3) | 32.2 (31.3–33.1) | 22.6 (22.2–23.0) | 43.0 (41.8–44.2) | 34.1 (33.5–34.7) | 56.4 (55.2–57.6) | 45.0 (44.3–45. 7) |
Abbreviations: ADL, activity of daily living; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; CPS, Cognitive Performance Scale; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.
a
Owing to the change from the Minimum Data Set version 2.0 to version 3.0, 2010 was a partial year and numbers are smaller.
b
Scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater cognitive impairment.