(a) ‘Flow restriction’ model of arteriosclerosis. Placement of ligature on left common carotid, just distal to the bifurcation, is shown. (b) Lineage tracing experiments were performed using S100β-eGFP/Cre/ERT2–dTomato double transgenic mice (S100β-eGFP/tdTm), generated by crossing S100β-eGFP/Cre-ERT2 mice with Ai9 reporter mice. (c) Experimental protocol using S100β-eGFP/tdTm mice showing the time sequence of tamoxifen (Tx) administration (to induce Cre-LoxP recombination and indelibly mark resident S100β+ cells), EtOH or cornstarch (CS) gavage (initiated 1 week prior to ligation, and continued for two weeks post-ligation), and vessel harvest 14d post ligation. LL=left ligated, RCL=Right contralateral. (d) Over the course of the experimental protocol mouse body weights were not significantly different between control (CS) and EtOH groups (Mean +/− SD, n= 13).