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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Neurol. 2020 Jul 27;88(3):513–525. doi: 10.1002/ana.25826

TABLE 5.

Interaction of Diabetes with Insulin Signaling and Related Measures, in Models with AD Neuropathology as Outcome

	Estimate (SE), p
Predictor	Global AD Score	Amyloid Burden	Tau Tangle Density
ELISA
pS³⁰⁷IRS1/total IRS1	0.034 (0.090, 0.706)	−0.041 (0.157, 0.792)	0.022 (0.191, 0.908)
pT³⁰⁸AKT1/total AKT1	0.139 (0.088, 0.117)	0.039 (0.158, 0.808)	0.368 (0.189, 0.053)
Immunohistochemistry
IRS1 cells/mm²	0.055 (0.088, 0.529)	0.172 (0.152, 0.259)	0.243 (0.185, 0.191)
Ex vivo stimulation
IRS1 recruitment to IRβ	0.090 (0.144, 0.534)	0.061 (0.216, 0.777)	0.139 (0.296, 0.639)
pS⁴⁷³AKT1	0.014 (0.146, 0.926)	−0.080 (0.221, 0.719)	0.248 (0.303, 0.417)
pT³⁰⁸AKT1	−0.054 (0.145, 0.713)	−0.362 (0.216, 0.100)	0.371 (0.298, 0.217)
pY^1150/1151IRβ	−0.019 (0.140, 0.893)	−0.073 (0.207, 0.725)	−0.156 (0.287, 0.588)
pY⁹⁶⁰IRβ	0.038 (0.147, 0.795)	−0.112 (0.225, 0.619)	0.225 (0.306, 0.465)

Separate linear regression models (1 per row) are adjusted for age at death, sex, and education.

AD = Alzheimer disease; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; SE = standard error.