Table 2.
High-Risk Patient Characteristic and Treatment Exposure Associations With Pneumonia Development
| Factor | Type 3 Wald Chi-Square |
Beta Coefficient |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICU admission diagnosis | 53.10 | … | … | … |
| Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure | … | −0.31 | 0.73 (0.38-1.39) | .336 |
| Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure | … | 0.13 | 1.14 (0.74-1.76) | .552 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | … | 0.12 | 1.12 (0.55-2.28) | .749 |
| Altered mental status or seizures | … | −0.06 | 0.94 (0.57-1.55) | .815 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | … | 0.51 | 1.67 (0.95-2.94) | .073 |
| Sepsis or septic shock | … | −0.12 | 0.88 (0.52-1.49) | .646 |
| Trauma | … | 1.16 | 3.19 (1.96-5.20) | <.001 |
| Shock (excluding septic shock) | … | 0.06 | 1.06 (0.62-1.83) | .822 |
| Other | … | 0.10 | 1.11 (0.73-1.68) | .629 |
| Planned postoperative ICU admission | … | … | Reference | … |
| Enteral nutrition | 41.26 | 0.87 | 2.38 (1.83-3.11) | <.001 |
| Aspiration risk | 39.18 | 0.74 | 2.10 (1.66-2.65) | <.001 |
| Systemic antibacterials within 90 d | 16.78 | 0.44 | 1.56 (1.26-1.92) | <.001 |
| Admission source | 13.53 | … | … | |
| Skilled nursing, long-term acute care | … | 0.60 | 1.82 (1.17-2.82) | .007 |
| No procedure; clinic or direct admission | … | 0.19 | 1.20 (0.93-1.55) | .152 |
| Scheduled procedure | … | −0.37 | 0.69 (0.45-1.06) | .089 |
| Other | … | 0.14 | 1.15 (0.83-1.61) | .396 |
| ED | … | … | Reference | … |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6.44 | −0.29 | 0.75 (0.59−0.94) | .011 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 5.96 | 0.49 | 1.63 (1.10-2.40) | .015 |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 4.57 | 0.30 | 1.35 (1.03-1.78) | .032 |
| Proton pump inhibitor therapy/histamine blocker therapy | 4.36 | 0.27 | 1.30 (1.02-1.67) | .037 |
| Blood product transfusion in the last 7 d | 3.80 | 0.21 | 1.24 (1.00-1.53) | .051 |
| Corticosteroids at current hospitalization | 2.96 | 0.23 | 1.26 (0.97-1.65) | .086 |
| Female sex | 2.70 | −0.16 | 0.85 (0.70-1.03) | .101 |
| ICU length of stay per 1-day increase, d | 2.31 | 0.01 | 1.01 (1.00-1.03) | .128 |
Characteristics and treatment exposures were recorded at time of high-risk population enrollment; 4,613 patients were included in the analysis. Risk factors were selected with the use of backward selection with α = .1 for model inclusion and clinical expertise. C-statistic: 0.709 (95% CI, 0.686−0.731).