Table 1.
Patient characteristics between the training and testing dataset
| Patient characteristic | Training set | Testing set | P | Patient characteristic | Training set | Testing set | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 1214 | 404 | Surgery (%) | 0.792 | |||
| Survival time (median [IQR]), days | 35.00 [17.00, 66.00] | 34.00 [18.00, 68.00] | 0.844 | N | 680 (56.0) | 230 (56.9) | |
| Sex (%) | 0.037 | Y | 534 (44.0) | 174 (43.1) | |||
| Female | 378 (31.1) | 103 (25.5) | Chemotherapy (%) | 0.946 | |||
| Male | 836 (68.9) | 301 (74.5) | N | 777 (64.0) | 260 (64.4) | ||
| Age (%) | 0.103 | Y | 437 (36.0) | 144 (35.6) | |||
| < 60 years | 527 (43.4) | 156 (38.6) | Radiotherapy (%) | 0.038 | |||
| ≥ 60 years | 687 (56.6) | 248 (61.4) | N | 1085 (89.4) | 345 (85.4) | ||
| Area of residence (%) | 0.083 | Y | 129 (10.6) | 59 (14.6) | |||
| Rural | 379 (31.2) | 107 (26.5) | Duration of pain (%) | 0.247 | |||
| Urban | 835 (68.8) | 297 (73.5) | < 1 month | 259 (21.3) | 102 (25.2) | ||
| Education (%) | 0.863 | 1–6 months | 831 (68.5) | 260 (64.4) | |||
| Illiteracy | 163 (13.4) | 61 (15.1) | 6–12 months | 99 (8.2) | 30 (7.4) | ||
| Primary school | 589 (48.5) | 199 (49.3) | > 12 months | 25 (2.1) | 12 (3.0) | ||
| Middle school | 292 (24.1) | 89 (22.0) | Previous analgesic treatment (%) | 0.642 | |||
| High school | 133 (11.0) | 42 (10.4) | None | 349 (28.7) | 116 (28.7) | ||
| High school above | 37 (3.0) | 13 (3.2) | NSAIDs | 123 (10.1) | 50 (12.4) | ||
| Awareness of the disease (%) | 0.121 | Weak Opioids | 373 (30.7) | 119 (29.5) | |||
| Full understanding | 675 (55.6) | 212 (52.5) | Strong Opioids | 369 (30.4) | 119 (29.5) | ||
| Partial understanding | 191 (15.7) | 55 (13.6) | Effect (%) | 0.995 | |||
| Complete ignorance | 348 (28.7) | 137 (33.9) | None | 280 (23.1) | 94 (23.3) | ||
| Metastasis (%) | 0.468 | Bad | 163 (13.4) | 54 (13.4) | |||
| N | 260 (21.4) | 79 (19.6) | Average | 618 (50.9) | 207 (51.2) | ||
| Y | 954 (78.6) | 325 (80.4) | Satisfied | 153 (12.6) | 49 (12.1) | ||
| Hypertension (%) | 0.517 | Vomiting (%) | 0.02 | ||||
| N | 1031 (84.9) | 337 (83.4) | N | 825 (68.0) | 300 (74.3) | ||
| Y | 183 (15.1) | 67 (16.6) | Y | 389 (32.0) | 104 (25.7) | ||
| Diabetes (%) | 0.231 | Abdominal distention (%) | 0.684 | ||||
| N | 1108 (91.3) | 360 (89.1) | N | 808 (66.6) | 274 (67.8) | ||
| Y | 106 (8.7) | 44 (10.9) | Y | 406 (33.4) | 130 (32.2) | ||
| Smoke (%) | 0.978 | Tachypnea (%) | 0.352 | ||||
| N | 1025 (84.4) | 342 (84.7) | N | 937 (77.2) | 302 (74.8) | ||
| Y | 189 (15.6) | 62 (15.3) | Y | 277 (22.8) | 102 (25.2) | ||
| Drink (%) | 0.83 | Edema (%) | 0.599 | ||||
| N | 1112 (91.6) | 368 (91.1) | N | 969 (79.8) | 328 (81.2) | ||
| Y | 102 (8.4) | 36 (8.9) | Y | 245 (20.2) | 76 (18.8) | ||
| Constipation (%) | 0.731 | NRS (%) | 0.152 | ||||
| N | 690 (56.8) | 225 (55.7) | 0–3 | 126 (10.4) | 55 (13.6) | ||
| Y | 524 (43.2) | 179 (44.3) | 4–6 | 664 (54.7) | 205 (50.7) | ||
| Weight loss (%) | 0.201 | 7–10 | 424 (34.9) | 144 (35.6) | |||
| N | 101 (8.3) | 25 (6.2) | KPS (%) | 0.313 | |||
| Y | 1113 (91.7) | 379 (93.8) | ≤30 | 375 (30.9) | 141 (34.9) | ||
| Insomnia (%) | 0.062 | 40 | 531 (43.7) | 169 (41.8) | |||
| N | 597 (49.2) | 221 (54.7) | ≥50 | 308 (25.4) | 94 (23.3) | ||
| Y | 617 (50.8) | 183 (45.3) | QOL (%) | 0.416 | |||
| Anorexia (%) | 0.684 | ≤30 | 450 (37.1) | 140 (34.7) | |||
| N | 168 (13.8) | 52 (12.9) | > 30 | 764 (62.9) | 264 (65.3) | ||
| Y | 1046 (86.2) | 352 (87.1) | Status (%) | 0.655 | |||
| Nausea (%) | 0.328 | Censored | 110 (9.1) | 33 (8.2) | |||
| N | 835 (68.8) | 289 (71.5) | Dead | 1104 (90.9) | 371 (91.8) | ||
| Y | 379 (31.2) | 115 (28.5) |