Table 1.
Associations between assets, probable depression and COVID-19 financial stressors in US adults
| Sample | Probable depression | COVID-19 financial stressor exposure | Job loss | Job loss of a household member | Financial difficulties | Difficulty paying rent | ||||||||
| n | % | % | P value | % | P value | % | P value | % | P value | % | P value | % | P value | |
| Total | 1441 | 100 | 27.8 | 40.0 | 12.7 | 18.9 | 27.3 | 14.4 | ||||||
| Education | ||||||||||||||
| Less than high school graduate | 65 | 9.8 | 29.2 | <0.001 | 50.5 | <0.001 | 23.5 | 0.004 | 26.1 | 0.0301 | 37.9 | 0.001 | 23.2 | <0.001 |
| High school graduate or GED | 274 | 27.9 | 35.0 | 48.5 | 15.1 | 22.8 | 33.9 | 19.3 | ||||||
| Some college | 637 | 27.8 | 32.0 | 41.8 | 13.5 | 19.9 | 28.3 | 15.7 | ||||||
| College graduate or more | 465 | 34.5 | 18.3 | 28.8 | 7.1 | 12.9 | 18.1 | 7.0 | ||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||
| Married | 712 | 47.8 | 18.3 | <0.001 | 34.7 | 0.002 | 8.9 | 0.002 | 17.9 | 0.4863 | 20.9 | <0.001 | 9.2 | <0.001 |
| Not married | 729 | 52.2 | 36.5 | 44.9 | 16.2 | 19.8 | 33.1 | 19.3 | ||||||
| Household income | ||||||||||||||
| $0–$19 999 | 246 | 19.8 | 46.9 | <0.001 | 57.1 | <0.001 | 17.1 | 0.001 | 23.7 | 0.0458 | 45.3 | <0.001 | 25.4 | <0.001 |
| $20 000–$44 999 | 357 | 25.8 | 31.1 | 49.1 | 20.0 | 23.2 | 33.9 | 18.5 | ||||||
| $45 000–$74 999 | 357 | 25.1 | 23.3 | 33.0 | 8.6 | 14.5 | 20.3 | 10.5 | ||||||
| ≥$75 000 | 447 | 29.3 | 16.9 | 27.1 | 7.9 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 6.9 | ||||||
| Household savings | ||||||||||||||
| $0–$4999 | 577 | 43.2 | 40.4 | <0.001 | 54.9 | <0.001 | 15.9 | 0.012 | 21.4 | 0.0386 | 43.2 | <0.001 | 24.3 | <0.001 |
| $5000–$9999 | 130 | 9.1 | 27.7 | 44.9 | 19.0 | 26.8 | 28.8 | 14.4 | ||||||
| $10 000–$19 999 | 123 | 7.7 | 21.9 | 37.9 | 18.9 | 22.4 | 15.1 | 7.3 | ||||||
| ≥$20 000 | 566 | 40.0 | 16.9 | 24.7 | 7.9 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 5.6 | ||||||
| Home ownership | ||||||||||||||
| Renter | 529 | 32.0 | 36.4 | <0.001 | 50.6 | <0.001 | 12.7 | 0.636 | 20.7 | 0.1913 | 35.1 | <0.001 | 25.3 | <0.001 |
| Owner | 850 | 68.0 | 23.0 | 33.8 | 11.5 | 16.9 | 22.4 | 8.4 | ||||||
Data: The COVID-19 and Life stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being (CLIMB) study collected from 31 March 2020 through 13 April 2020 (n=1441). Nationally representative of US adults ages 18 years and older. Percentages are weighted. CLIMB missing data: household income (n=34), household savings (n=45), home ownership (n=62) and all COVID-19 stressors (n=3).
Two-tailed χ2 analysis conducted for significance testing. Frequencies (n) are unweighted. Percentages are weighted.
COVID-19 financial stressor exposure signifies that a person experienced at least one of the following COVID-19 stressors: losing a job, having a family member lose a job, having financial difficulties and having difficulty paying rent.
Probable depression defined as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score cut-off of ≥10.
GED, general education diploma.