Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies by sponsorship, author conflict of interest (COI) and industry ties.

			Funding source, n (%)*
Characteristic	Category	Total N=43	Sponsorship		COI		Industry ties
			Industry N=8	Non- industry N=35	COI N=10	No COI N=33	Industry/ COI N=14	Non-industry/ no COI N=29
Sex	Male	5 (12)	0 (0)	5 (14)	0 (0)	5 (15)	0 (0)	5 (17)
	Female	2 (5)	0 (0)	2 (6)	0 (0)	2 (6)	0 (0)	2 (7)
	Both	36 (84)	8 (100)	28 (80)	10 (100)	26 (79)	14 (100)	22 (76)
Sample size	<5000	19 (44)	6 (75)	13 (37)	7 (70)	12 (36)	9 (64)	10 (34)
	5000–50 000	18 (42)	0 (0)	18 (51)	2 (20)	16 (48)	2 (14)	16 (55)
	>50 000	6 (14)	2 (25)	4 (11)	1 (10)	5 (15)	3 (21)	3 (10)
Length of follow-up	N/A†	3 (7)	2 (25)	1 (3)	1 (10)	2 (6)	2 (14)	1 (3)
	<10 years	11 (26)	3 (38)	8 (23)	2 (20)	9 (27)	3 (21)	8 (28)
	10–15 years	21 (49)	2 (25)	19 (54)‡	6 (60)	15 (45)‡	7 (50)	14 (48)
	>15 years	8 (19)	1 (13)	7 (20)	1 (10)	7 (21)	2 (14)	6 (21)
Type of dairy	Total dairy intake§	37 (86)	8 (100)	29 (83)	9 (90)	28 (85)	13 (93)	24 (83)
	Individual dairy foods¶	6 (14)	0 (0)	6 (17)	1 (10)	5 (15)	1 (7)	5 (17)

*Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

†Follow-up is not applicable for case–control studies.

‡Follow-up for Johansson described the follow-up as ‘8–12 years’, we took the median of 10 years.

§This includes studies that looked at nutrients for example, calcium, fat and protein by measuring total dairy intake.

¶Individual foods included milk, cheese and yoghurt.

N/A, not available.