TABLE 5.
Association Between Latent Class Membership and Being Out of Care
| Association Between Latent Class Membership and Being Out of Care, n = 547 | ||||||
| Unadjusted | P | Adjusted | P | |||
| Prevalence | Risk Difference | Prevalence | Risk Difference | |||
| Latent class | ||||||
| Livelihood and mobility | 45.6% (35.3% to –55.8%) | REF | <0.001 | 43.6% (34.5% to –52.7%) | REF | <0.001 |
| Clinic accessibility | 62.0% (51.2% to –72.7%) | 16.4% (1.5% to –31.2%) | 62.4% (51.0% to –73.8%) | 18.7% (3.8% to –33.7%) | ||
| Mobility and family | 22.6% (13.6% to –31.6%) | −23.0% (−36.6% to −9.4%) | 23.5% (14.4% to –32.6%) | −20.1% (−33.0% to −7.2%) | ||
| Doubting need for HIV care | 94.0% (85.4% to –100%) | 48.4% (35.0% to –61.7%) | 97.9% (84.2% to –111.6%) | 54.3% (37.0% to –71.6%) | ||
| Multidimensional barriers to care | 64.6% (45.1% to –84.1%) | 19.0% (−3.0% to 41.0%) | 62.8% (44.2% to –81.3%) | 19.2% (−1.9% to 40.2%) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 44.5% (37.3% to –51.6%) | REF | 0.030 | 43.0% (36.8% to –49.2%) | REF | 0.005 |
| Male | 56.7% (48.2% to –65.3%) | 12.3% (1.1% to –23.4%) | 59.7% (50.3% to –69.0%) | 16.7% (4.6% to –28.8%) | ||
| Age at LTFU | ||||||
| <25 yrs old | 34.6% (20.1% to –49.1%) | REF | 0.14 | 39.0% (24.0% to –54.0%) | REF | 0.15 |
| 25–35 yrs old | 55.2% (46.5% to –63.9%) | 20.6% (3.7% to –37.5%) | 56.8% (47.9% to –65.7%) | 17.8% (1.1% to –34.5%) | ||
| 35–50 yrs old | 49.9% (41.5% to –58.3%) | 15.3% (−1.5% to 32.1%) | 46.6% (38.9% to –54.2%) | 7.5% (−9.8% to 24.9%) | ||
| >50 yrs | 38.0% (18.1% to –57.9%) | 3.4% (−21.2% to 28.0%) | 44.6% (26.0% to –63.1%) | 5.5% (−18.6% to 29.7%) | ||
| Enrollment CD4 count | ||||||
| <200 cells/μL | 49.9% (41.0% to –58.8%) | REF | 0.90 | 44.8% (37.4% to –52.2%) | REF | 0.24 |
| 200–350 cells/μL | 54.5% (43.7% to –65.3%) | 4.6% (−9.4% to 18.6%) | 51.2% (41.3% to –61.1%) | 6.4% (−6.2% to 19.0%) | ||
| 350–500 cells/μL | 55.0% (39.7% to –70.3%) | 5.1% (−12.6% to 22.9%) | 59.5% (44.4% to –74.7%) | 14.7% (−2.6% to 32.1%) | ||
| >500 cells/μL | 53.4% (36.1% to –70.6%) | 3.5% (−16.0% to 22.9%) | 57.2% (42.5% to –71.9%) | 12.4% (−4.5% to 29.2%) | ||
| WHO stage | ||||||
| I | 49.1% (40.8% to –57.4%) | REF | 0.96 | 48.3% (40.6% to –55.9%) | REF | 0.94 |
| II | 52.1% (38.4% to –65.7%) | 3.0% (−13.0% to 18.9%) | 48.4% (36.8% to –60.0%) | 0.1% (−13.6% to 13.8%) | ||
| III | 52.3% (41.4% to –63.3%) | 3.2% (−10.5% to 17.0%) | 52.2% (41.7% to –62.8%) | 3.9% (−10.3% to 18.2%) | ||
| IV | 52.3% (28.7% to –75.9%) | 3.2% (−21.8% to 28.2%) | 52.9% (29.6% to –76.2%) | 4.6% (−20.9% to 30.1%) | ||
| Time to LTFU | ||||||
| <6 mo | 48.2% (38.5% to –57.9%) | REF | 0.55 | 44.2% (34.2% to –54.2%) | REF | 0.48 |
| 6 months-2 yrs | 53.5% (43.3% to –63.6%) | 5.3% (−8.8% to 19.3%) | 50.7% (41.6% to –59.8%) | 6.5% (−6.8% to 19.8%) | ||
| 2–5 yrs | 52.0% (40.7% to –63.3%) | 3.8% (−11.1% to 18.7%) | 57.3% (44.9% to –69.8%) | 13.1% (−4.8% to 31.0%) | ||
| >5 yrs | 40.8% (26.9% to –54.6%) | −7.4% (−24.3% to 9.4%) | 47.6% (32.0% to –63.2%) | 3.3% (−16.5% to 23.2%) | ||
| Prior episodes of LTFU | ||||||
| 0 | 49.9% (42.3% to –57.4%) | REF | 0.99 | 52.1% (44.4% to –59.8%) | REF | 0.89 |
| 1 | 49.8% (39.8% to –59.7%) | −0.1% (−12.6% to 12.4%) | 47.4% (38.4% to –56.4%) | −4.7% (−17.4% to 7.9%) | ||
| 2 | 48.2% (31.7% to –64.6%) | −1.7% (−19.8% to 16.4%) | 47.7% (31.3% to –64.0%) | −4.5% (−23.6% to 14.7%) | ||
| >3 | 49.9% (25.9% to –73.9%) | 0.0% (−25.1% to 25.1%) | 46.7% (22.3% to –71.0%) | −5.5% (−31.5% to 20.5%) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 51.6% (39.0% to –64.1%) | 2.7% (−11.8% to 17.3%) | 0.53 | 54.8% (43.7% to –65.9%) | 5.6% (−7.8% to 19.0%) | 0.29 |
| Married | 48.8% (41.5% to –56.2%) | REF | 49.2% (42.3% to –56.0%) | REF | ||
| Divorced | 57.1% (43.0% to –71.1%) | 8.2% (−7.6% to 24.1%) | 54.7% (41.7% to –67.6%) | 5.5% (−9.6% to 20.5%) | ||
| Widowed | 40.0% (22.4% to –57.6%) | −8.8% (−27.9% to 10.3%) | 35.6% (20.7% to –50.5%) | −13.6% (−29.9% to 2.7%) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| None | 62.1% (35.7% to –88.4%) | REF | 0.063 | 74.0% (52.9% to –95.1%) | REF | 0.007 |
| Lower–Mid basic | 59.1% (50.0% to –68.2%) | −3.0% (−30.9% to 24.9%) | 56.5% (48.0% to –65.1%) | −17.5% (−40.0% to 5.1%) | ||
| Upper basic/Secondary | 45.2% (37.0% to –53.4%) | −16.9% (−44.5% to 10.7%) | 47.9% (40.1% to –55.6%) | −26.1% (−49.2% to −3.1%) | ||
| College/University | 41.5% (27.4% to –55.6%) | −20.6% (−50.4% to 9.3%) | 37.2% (25.1% to –49.3%) | −36.8% (−60.3% to −13.3%) | ||
| Facility type | ||||||
| Rural | 44.2% (32.5% to –56.0%) | −9.8% (−23.4% to 3.8%) | 0.021 | 43.4% (32.5% to –54.2%) | −7.8% (−20.0% to 4.3%) | 0.41 |
| Urban | 54.1% (47.3% to –60.8%) | REF | 51.2% (45.6% to –56.8%) | REF | ||
| Hospital | 36.1% (26.3% to –45.9%) | −18.0% (−29.9% to −6.0%) | 44.8% (33.6% to –55.9%) | −6.5% (−19.1% to 6.1%) | ||
| Province | ||||||
| Eastern | 43.0% (32.3% to –53.8%) | −12.6% (−25.6% to 0.3%) | 0.007 | 46.0% (35.4% to –56.7%) | −7.5% (−20.6% to 5.6%) | 0.039 |
| Lusaka | 55.7% (48.5% to –62.9%) | REF | 53.5% (47.0% to –60.1%) | REF | ||
| Southern | 35.9% (25.5% to –46.3%) | −19.8% (−32.4% to −7.1%) | 36.2% (27.3% to –45.0%) | −17.4% (−28.6% to −6.2%) | ||
| Western | 33.2% (18.4% to –48.0%) | −22.5% (−39.0% to −6.0%) | 40.4% (24.4% to –56.3%) | −13.2% (−30.7% to 4.3%) | ||
LTFU, loss to follow-up.