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Potential mechanisms associated with HPD induced by immunotherapy. In addition to PI3K/AKT pathway, several genetic alterations and clinical factors have been stated to be involved in HPD, which including mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) or MDM4 amplification, alteration of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). The potential cell signaling pathways contributed to HPD were displayed
