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. 2020 Dec 8;10:21431. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77972-5

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of X-ray beam filtration on ZIKV inactivation. Monte Carlo simulation of beam filtration effect on (a) X-ray photon energy spectra showing beam hardening^58,59 and (b) dose-to-depth penetration of photons in water at 220 keV, 18.2 mA using MCNP6.1 model in (c) the irradiation chamber showing the sealed virus specimens with packaging dimensions of 10 cm × 8 cm × 1 cm (L x W x D) at a distance of 22.6 cm within a 37.5° irradiation cone produced by the MXR-225/26 tube. Incremental X-ray irradiation of ZIKV at the above conditions showing (d) the effect of beam filtration on ZIKV RNA genomic-equivalent copies using RT-qPCR and (e) Infectivity titer of ZIKV by TCID₅₀ assay. All data was acquired by accounting for a sample-to-source distance of 22.6 cm and each data point represents the mean of triplicate independent runs.