Table 1.
Comparison of demographics, comorbidities and medications between cancer and control patient groups.
| Variable | Control group No. (%) | Cancer group No. (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 50 (50) | 50 (50) | |
| Age—Years, median (Range) | 56 (31–86) | 58 (33–88) | 0.104b |
| Sex | <0.001a* | ||
| Female | 25 (50) | 7 (14) | |
| Male | 25 (50) | 43 (86) | |
| Smoking | 0.311a | ||
| Never smoked | 19 (38) | 11 (22) | |
| Ex-smoker | 15 (30) | 22 (44) | |
| Current smoker | 16 (32) | 17 (34) | |
| Smoking Pack Years (Range) | 23.6 (0–104) | 24.0 (0–198) | |
| Alcohol | 0.264a | ||
| No alcohol intake | 18 (36) | 11 (22) | |
| Intake ≤2 days per week | 19 (38) | 17 (34) | |
| Intake ≥3 days per week | 13 (26) | 22 (44) | |
| BMI | 28.5 (17.9–45.4) | 25.6 (17.3–38.2) | 0.002b* |
| BMI Classd | 0.118a | ||
| Under Weight | 1 (2) | 3 (6) | |
| Normal Weight | 11 (22) | 20 (40) | |
| Pre-Obesity | 18 (36) | 17 (34) | |
| Obesity: Class I | 14 (28) | 8 (16) | |
| Class II | 2 (4) | 2 (4) | |
| Class III | 4 (8) | 0 | |
| ASA grade | 0.328a | ||
| 1 | 34 (68) | 33 (66) | |
| 2 | 12 (24) | 17 (34) | |
| 3 | 4 (8) | 0 | |
| Comorbidities | 0.623a | ||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 3 (6) | 5 (1) | |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 7 (14) | 8 (16) | |
| Chronic renal disease | 0 | 0 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Diabetes | 6 (12) | 6 (12) | |
| Medicationsc | 0.126a | ||
| Anti-reflux | 20 (40) | 9 (18) | |
| Anti-hypertensives | 12 (24) | 18 (36) | |
| Antibiotics | 0 | 0 | |
| Anti-platelet/coagulant | 2 (4) | 5 (1) | |
| Tooth Brushinge | 0.015a* | ||
| Yes | 41 (84) | 31 (62) | |
| No | 8 (16) | 19 (38) |
*Statistical significance (p < 0.05).
aChi-square test.
bMann-Whitney-U test.
cMedications taken in the last seven days are reported.
dBody mass index (BMI) class reported as per World Health Organization classification.
eTooth brushing in the morning of breath sample collection.