Table 1.
Group characteristics.
| TD-familiar | TD-novel | ADHD-familiar | ADHD-novel | Contrasts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | |
| Age (years) | 12.4 (1.9) | 11.8 (1.6) | 11.9 (2.1) | 12.4 (1.8) | n.s. |
| Sex (male:female) | 13:4 | 13:4 | 15:2 | 14:3 | |
| CFT 20-R (IQ) | 108.8 (13.3) | 114 (12.8) | 98.9 (10.6) | 98.8 (16.0) | TD_nov > ADHD_fam, ADHD_nov |
| VLMT (T-values) | |||||
| Immediate recall | 55.5 (10.6) | 50.0 (9.9) | 41.4 (6.6) | 47.1 (9.2) | TD_fam > ADHD_fam |
| LTM recall (30 min) | 55.4 (9.5) | 54.2 (6.9) | 48.5 (8.1) | 46.3 (9.3) | TD_fam > ADHD_nov |
| LTM recognition (30 min) | 55.1 (12.7) | 53.5 (12.1) | 47.9 (9.3) | 50.9 (11.6) | n.s. |
| ADHD presentation | |||||
| Hyperactive | – | – | 1 | 0 | |
| Inattentive | – | – | 4 | 5 | |
| Combined | – | – | 12 | 12 | |
| Comorbid ODD diagnosis | – | – | 4 | 3 | |
| DISYPS-III | 0.36 (0.29) | 0.25 (0.48) | 1.58 (0.52) | 1.56 (0.24) | TD_fam, TD_nov < ADHD_fam, ADHD_nov |
| Play videogames (never/1–2 × month/1–2 × week/daily) | 0/1/5/11 | 1/2/8/6 | 1/3/8/5 | 1/2/2/12 | n.s. |
| Play Minecraft (never/1–2 × month/1–2 × week/daily) | 7/1/6/3 | 3/6/6/2 | 2/6/8/1 | 4/4/6/3 | n.s. |
| know Minecraft (yes:no) | 17:0 | 17:0 | 17:0 | 16:1 | |
Data reflects sample after participant exclusion. If not specified otherwise, values represent either mean and standard deviation (in brackets) or counts. The parameters play videogames and play Minecraft represent the previous experience with videogames in general and Minecraft in particular. The parameter know Minecraft refers to how many children had at least seen someone else play the videogame before, and were thus familiar with its general appearance. To check for differences between groups, we computed a one-way ANOVA with the four groups (TD-familiar, TD-novel, ADHD-familiar, ADHD-novel) as the single factor. Significant contrasts show the results of Bonferroni or, in case of unequal variances, Games-Howell corrected post hoc tests. In case of ordinal data, we applied the Kruskal–Wallis test instead of an ANOVA. All tests were conducted with an alpha level of α = .05. Abbreviations: TD = Typically Developing, CFT = Culture Fair Intelligence Test, VLMT = Verbal Learning and Memory Test, ODD = oppositional defiant disorder, DISYPS = Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents (Diagnosis Checklist for Disruptive Behavior Disorder).