A. trichopoda PG and PT characteristics. A, 4′,6-diamino-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of a mature bicellular PG (top) and its brightfield image (bottom). B, Ruthenium red staining of a mature PG (top image) and a PT tip (bottom). Black arrowheads point at pectin-rich regions. C and D, Aniline blue staining of PTs (top) and respective brightfield images (bottom). The PT apex indicated by white arrowheads in C is devoid of callose-like substances, whereas callose plugs become visible in the shank of the PT marked by asterisks in D. E, PG 9 h after in vitro germination showing the PT with the vegetative nucleus followed by the GC. F, PT 14 h after in vitro germination showing the vegetative nucleus followed by the two sperm cells. G, SYBR GREEN I-stained PT 14 h after in vitro germination showing the male germ unit (the vegetative cell nucleus [VN] and two sperm cells [SC]) in more detail. FM 4-64 (red) served as counter stain for membranes. Note the highly compact sperm cell chromatin. The tip of the tube is to the right. Scale bars = 10 μm.