Spot assay on quadruple dropout (QDO) agar plates at four different temperatures. A to D, The indicated AH109 co-transformants were 10-fold serially diluted and spotted on QDO agar plates. Dilution factors are shown below the figures. The values 10−1, 10−2, and 10−3 indicate that the culture was diluted 10-fold, 100-fold, and 1,000-fold, respectively. The plates were incubated for 80 to 85 h at 28°C (A), 30°C (B), 32°C (C), and 34°C (D), respectively. BD, GAL4 DNA-binding domain fusion; AD, GAL4 activation domain fusion. Note that the mutant protein ZmRNRL1-tvt1-R (His277) failed to interact with all three ZmRNRSs (ZmRNRS1-B73, ZmRNRS2-B73, and ZmRNRS3-B73) at 34°C.