Table 2. Joint angles and spatiotemporal parameters during gait (single task and dual task) in individuals with PD and FOG.
| Single Task | Dual Task | Paired Differences | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R Hip-FE (°) | 35.08 (31.92, 38.24) | 29.76 (26.38, 33.13)* | -5.32 (-7.57, -3.07) | .001 |
| L Hip-FE (°) | 33.68 (30.36, 37.01) | 29.05 (24.81, 33.28)* | -4.63 (-8.12, -1.13) | .011 |
| R Knee-FE (°) | 46.58 (42.78, 50.37) | 41.75 (37.17, 46.34)* | -4.82 (-7.14, -2.50) | .001 |
| L Knee-FE (°) | 46.89 (43.47, 50.31) | 41.32 (36.60, 46.05)* | -5.56 (-9.07, -2.50) | .003 |
| R Ankle-PD (°) | 27.03 (23.60, 30.46) | 23.51 (20.11, 26.90)* | -4.81 (-9.07, -2.49) | .001 |
| L Ankle-PD (°) | 27.94 (24.27, 31.61) | 24.62 (20.52, 28.72)* | -3.31 (-5.12, -1.51) | .001 |
| R Step Length (cm) | 0.43 (0.36, 0.48) | 0.33 (0.27, 0.38)* | -0.12 (-0.13, -0.05) | .001 |
| L Step Length (cm) | 0.45 (0.39, 0.50) | 0.32 (0.25, 0.38)* | -0.09 (-0.17, -0.08) | .001 |
| Speed (m/s) | 0.79 (0.69, 0.89) | 0.58 (0.48, 0.68)* | -0.21 (-0.28, -0.14) | .001 |
| Speed DTE (%) | - | -40 (-80.74, -32.12) | - | - |
Note. Data are mean and 95% confidence intervals (lower bound, upper bound). Joint angles are in degrees (°).
Abbreviations: PD: Parkinson’s disease; R: Right; L: Left; Hip-FE: Hip flexion/extension; Knee-FE: Knee flexion/extension; Ankle-PD: Ankle plantar/dorsiflexion, DTE: Dual task effect.
* significant difference between single task and dual task.