Table 3. RRs (95% CI) of frailty according to sweetened beverages consumption (serving/d), stratified by lifestyle factors, among 71,935 women aged ≥60 y in the NHS.
| Person years | Frailty cases | SSBs | P for interaction | ASBs | P for interaction | Total fruit juices | P for interaction | Orange juice | P for interaction | Other juicesa | P for interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age <70 | 598,149 | 2,815 | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | 0.01 | 1.07 (1.03, 1.11) | 0.27 | 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) | 0.35 | 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) | 0.03 | 1.10 (0.99, 1.21) | 0.53 |
| Age ≥70 | 442,472 | 8,744 | 1.09 (1.03, 1.16) | 1.10 (1.06, 1.13) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) | 0.91 (0.86, 0.95) | 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) | |||||
| BMI <25 kg/m2 | 456,022 | 4,256b | 1.17 (1.08, 1.28) | 0.44 | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) | 0.46 | 0.99 (0.93; 1.05) | 0.10 | 0.88 (0.82; 0.96) | 0.37 | 1.20 (1.09, 1.32) | 0.11 |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 507,392 | 6,560 | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17) | 1.09 (1.06, 1.12) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.97) | 0.86 (0.82, 0.91) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) | |||||
| Low physical activity (<median) | 510,848 | 9,268 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) | 0.37 | 1.08 (1.05, 1.11) | 0.59 | 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) | 0.63 | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) | 0.97 | 1.10 (1.02, 1.18) | 0.42 |
| High physical activity (≥median) | 527,805 | 2,291 | 1.16 (1.08, 1.25) | 1.11 (1.06, 1.15) | 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) | 1.10 (1.00, 1.20) | |||||
| Low AHEI level (<median) | 517,268 | 6,846 | 1.15 (1.09, 1.21) | 0.64 | 1.09 (1.06, 1.13) | 0.97 | 0.9 (0.93, 1.01) | 0.34 | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) | 0.46 | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) | 0.34 |
| High AHEI level (≥median) | 523,354 | 4,713 | 1.12 (1.02, 1.24) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) | 0.87 (0.81, 0.94) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) |
Models were adjusted for age (years), calendar time (4-y intervals), BMI (<25.0, 25.0–29.9, ≥30.0 kg/m2), smoking status (never, past, and current 1–14, 15–24, and ≥25 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (0, 1.0–4.9, 5.0–14.9, or ≥15.0 g/d), energy intake (quintiles of kcal/d), physical activity (quintiles), medication use (aspirin, postmenopausal hormone therapy, diuretics, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, other blood pressure medication, statins and other cholesterol-lowering drugs, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic medication), AHEI (quartiles), cancer, heart disease, and diabetes, except for the stratification variable. All beverages were mutually adjusted for each other.
a This group includes apple juice or cider, grapefruit juice, prune juice, and non-specified fruit juices.
b The number of events is different because of missing values for BMI.
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; AHEI, Alternate Healthy Eating Index; ASB, artificially sweetened beverage; BMI, body mass index; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; RR, relative risk; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.