Table 5. Delivery outcomes in the population included in the IPD-MA.
| Variable | IOL group (n = 2,281) | EM group (n = 2,280) | RR (95% CI) | p-value | Difference between groups RD per 10,000 or mean difference (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2(%) | p-value | ||||||
| Gestational age at delivery (days) | n = 2,281 | n = 2,280 | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 288 (287; 289) | 291 (289; 293) | <0.001 | ||||
| Time from randomisation to delivery (days) | n = 2,281 | n = 2,280 | |||||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 1.88 (1.49) | 4.47 (2.81) | <0.001 | −2.59 (−2.72; −2.46) | |||
| Onset of delivery | n = 2,281 | n = 2,280 | <0.001 | ||||
| Spontaneous | 455 (19.9) | 1,584 (69.5) | |||||
| Induction | 1,821 (79.8) | 694 (30.4) | |||||
| Scheduled cesarean delivery | 5 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | |||||
| Meconium stained amniotic fluid | 380/2,138 (17.8) | 525/2,028 (25.9) | 0.68 (0.61; 0.77) | <0.001 | −821 (−1,070; −572) | 0 | 0.52 |
| Use of oxytocin* | 1,440/2,281 (63.1) | 1,077/2,280 (47.2) | 1.33 (1.26; 1.40) | <0.001 | 1,589 (1,305; 1,872) | 89 | 0.002 |
| Mode of delivery | n = 2,281 | n = 2,280 | |||||
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 1,860 (81.5) | 1,836 (80.5) | 1.01 (0.98; 1.04) | 0.41 | 101(−126; 328) | 0 | 0.65 |
| Cesarean delivery | 240 (10.5) | 245 (10.7) | 0.98 (0.83; 1.16) | 0.81 | −22 (−201; 157) | 0 | 0.83 |
| Operative vaginal delivery | 181 (7.9) | 199 (8.7) | 0.91 (0.75; 1.10) | 0.33 | −79 (−239; 81) | 0 | 0.56 |
| Indication for cesarean delivery | n = 240 | n = 245 | 0.34¶ | ||||
| Failure to progress‡ | 120 (50.0) | 122 (49.8) | |||||
| Suspected fetal distress | 65 (27.0) | 57 (23.3) | |||||
| Suspected fetal distress and failure to progress | 17 (7.1) | 21 (8.6) | |||||
| Failed operative vaginal delivery | 13 (5.4) | 24 (9.8) | |||||
| Other§ | 25 (10.4) | 21 (8.6) | |||||
| Indication for operative vaginal delivery | n = 181 | n = 199 | 0.24¶ | ||||
| Failure to progress| | 89 (49.2) | 98 (49.2) | |||||
| Fetal distress | 76 (42.0) | 71 (35.7) | |||||
| Fetal distress and failure to progress | 15 (8.3) | 29 (14.6) | |||||
| Maternal complication | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | |||||
Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise. RR is adjusted for trial.
* Both induction and/or labour augmentation.
‡ Including failed induction.
§ Including scheduled due to, e.g., undetected breech or transverse presentation/maternal indication.
¶ Chi-squared test.
| Including maternal distress.
CI, confidence interval; EM, expectant management; IOL, induction of labour; IPD-MA, individual participant data meta-analysis; IQR, interquartile range; RD, risk difference; RR, relative risk.