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| Cause | Distribution |
| Anemia of chronic disease | 30-40% |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 15-30% |
| Posthemorrhagic | 5-10% |
| Vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency | 5-10% |
| Chronic leukemia or lymphoma | 5% |
| Myelodysplastic syndrome | 5% |
| Unknown cause | 15-25% |
