Table 4. Comparisons of urinary proximal tubular microvesicles between diabetic nephropathy and proteinuric controls stratified by urine protein, interstitial inflammation score and vascular score.
| Urine protein | P | Interstitial inflammation score | P | Vascular score | P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proteinuric controls | DN | Proteinuric controls | DN | Proteinuric controls | DN | ||||||
| ≤4 g/24 h | Score =1 | Score =1 | |||||||||
| (n=12) | (n=20) | (n=18) | (n=23) | (n=18) | (n=10) | ||||||
| AQP1+ MVs | 58.4 (28.8–100.2) | 223.1 (80.3–1,163.3) | 0.001 | 110.7 (50.4–346.8) | 257.7 (100.1–1,588.3) | 0.106 | 116 (43.1–346.8) | 115.6 (19.4–572.7) | 0.729 | ||
| Megalin+ MVs | 49.9 (19.0–154.1) | 194.5 (66.8–647.4) | 0.025 | 108.1 (37.1–247.5) | 397.0 (81.5–696.2) | 0.040 | 70.5 (35.7–199.8) | 67.2 (33.9–168.4) | 0.867 | ||
| AQP1+ megalin+ MVs | 2.3 (1.0–9.8) | 54.1 (6.3–150.8) | 0.004 | 11.0 (2.4–60.0) | 36.9 (5.2–152.0) | 0.279 | 9.1 (2.0–60.0) | 7.9 (3.3–45.5) | 0.740 | ||
| 4–8 g/24 h | Score =2 | Score =2 | |||||||||
| (n=9) | (n=12) | (n=0) | (n=14) | (n=5) | (n=15) | ||||||
| AQP1+ MVs | 58.3 (36.7–379.1) | 269 (39.6–893.1) | 0.546 | – | 139.6 (98.9–776.2) | 82.9 (43.8–268.3) | 280.3 (100.1–1,305.1) | 0.114 | |||
| Megalin+ MVs | 47.0 (15.2–86.3) | 176.5 (61.2–508.5) | 0.038 | – | 116.9 (26.0–356.4) | 126.5 (67.3–326.8) | 160.4 (62.8–630.9) | 0.649 | |||
| AQP1+ megalin+ MVs | 4.4 (0.8–13.2) | 42.5 (3.6–219) | 0.044 | – | 19.5 (3.9–115.8) | 2.4 (1.8–135.8) | 19.9 (3.7–245.9) | 0.367 | |||
| >8 g/24 h | Score =3 | Score =3 | |||||||||
| (n=8) | (n=17) | (n=0) | (n=11) | (n=1) | (n=24) | ||||||
| AQP1+ MVs | 240.7 (127.8–322.1)* | 226.6 (125.3–918.8) | 0.733 | – | 330.7 (170.2–512.9) | – | 392.6 (145.6–1,011.8)* | ||||
| Megalin+ MVs | 211.3 (75.1–408.1)*† | 294 (84.3–1,223.7) | 0.732 | – | 326.5 (134.0–671.7) | – | 518.6 (146.8–732.1)* | ||||
| AQP1+ megalin+ MVs | 74.1 (15.4–209.5)*† | 41.4 (4.7–294.2) | 0.667 | – | 86.8 (41.4–245.9) | – | 84.2 (32.3–212.3)* | ||||
MVs levels are presented as median (interquartile range) 103/μmol creatinine. P values <0.05 are shown in bold. *, P<0.05 compared to the subgroup with urine protein ≤4 g/24 h or vascular score of 1 within the same group; †, P<0.05 compared to the subgroup with urine protein range 4–8 g/24 h within the same group. Patients not included in the analysis: 10 with interstitial inflammation score of 0 and 1 with the score of 4, and 5 with vascular score of 0 in proteinuric controls; 1 DN patient with interstitial inflammatory score of 4. DN, diabetic nephropathy; AQP1, Aquaporin 1; MVs, microvesicles.