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. 2020 Dec 7;26(45):7173–7190. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i45.7173

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Immunohistochemical staining for Zonula occludens-1 and its correlation with fecal indoles/tryptophan ratio (× 200 magnification). Immunoreactivity of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) tended to be decreased in colorectal adenoma (B) and colorectal cancer (C) compared to controls (A) as shown in the figure (scale bar = 100 μm); D: There was a positive correlation between fecal indoles/tryptophan ratio and ZO-1 protein in all subjects (P = 0.045). MOD: Mean optical density; Trp: Tryptophan; ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1.