TABLE 10.

Definitions of dichotomous indicators predicting global dietary recommendations¹

Name of indicator	Predicted recommendation/outcome	Selected candidate indicator composition: food groups and weights2	Range (units)	Selected cutoff (units)
WHO-FV	≥400 g/d of fruits and vegetables	(1) Dark-green leafy vegetables; (2) Vitamin A–rich orange-colored vegetables, roots, and tubers; (3) Other vegetables; (4) Vitamin A-rich fruits; (5) Citrus fruits; (6) Other fruits (including red/purple/blue fruits)	0–6	≥3
WHO-Fiber	>25 g/d dietary fiber	(1) Dark-green leafy vegetables; (2) Vitamin A–rich orange-colored vegetables, roots, and tubers3; (3) Other vegetables; (4) Vitamin A–rich fruits3; (5) Citrus fruits; (6) Other fruits (including red/purple/blue fruits); (7) Legumes (double weighted); (8) Nuts/seeds; (9) Whole grains	0–10	≥4
WHO-Sugar	<10% of dietary energy from free sugars4	(1) Sodas/sugar-sweetened beverages (double weight); (2) Fruit drinks/juice; (3) Sweetened coffee/tea/milk drinks; (4) Baked/grain-based sweets; (5) Other sweets	0–6	<2
WHO-SatFat	<10% of dietary energy from saturated fat	(1) Processed meat; (2) Unprocessed red meat; (3) Food from a fast-food restaurant; (4) Cheese and yogurt; (5) Milk; (6) Other sweets; minus (7) Fish and seafood; (8) Poultry	−2 to 6	<2
WHO-Fat	<30% of dietary energy from total fat	(1) Processed meat; (2) Unprocessed red meat; (3) Deep-fried foods; (4) Food from a fast-food restaurant; (5) Packaged salty snacks; (6) Baked/grain-based sweets; (7) Other sweets	0–7	N/A
Legumes	>0 g/d	Legumes
Nuts and seeds	>0 g/d	Nuts and seeds	0–1	=1
Whole grains	>0 g/d	Whole grains	0–1	=1
Processed meat	0 g/d	Processed meat	0–1	=0
GDR score	≥6 out of 11 global dietary recommendations met	(1) Dark-green leafy vegetables; (2) Vitamin A–rich orange-colored vegetables, roots, and tubers; (3) Other vegetables; (4) Vitamin A–rich fruits; (5) Citrus fruits; (6) Other fruits (including red/purple/blue fruits); (7) Legumes; (8) Nuts/seeds; (9) Whole grains minus(1) Sodas/sugar-sweetened beverages; (2) Baked/grain-based sweets; (3) Other sweets; (4) Processed meat (double weight); (5) Unprocessed red meat; (6) Deep-fried foods; (7) Food from a fast-food restaurant, or Instant noodles; (8) Packaged salty snacks	−9 to 9	≥1

¹GDR, Global Dietary Recommendations; WHO-FV, WHO-Fruits and Vegetables (score); WHO-SatFat, WHO-Saturated Fat (score); N/A, not applicable.

²The weights are single weights unless indicated otherwise.

³The results for this indicator were almost identical if vitamin A–rich fruits and vegetables were combined into a single category.

⁴For the United States, added sugars are used as a proxy for free sugars.