TABLE 9.
Sensitivity and specificity results for the best indicator candidates for each of 9 individual recommendations, and for a dichotomous GDR score1
| Candidate indicator | Cutoff | Percentage of observations ≥ cutoff | Sensitivity | Specificity | Estimated minus actual population prevalence | Percentage of false positives | Percentage of false negatives | Total percentage misclassified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | ||||||||
| WHO-FV | ≥3 | 5.2 | 38.42 | 97.9 | −3.3 | 1.9 | 5.2 | 7.2 |
| WHO-Fiber | ≥4 | 23.0 | 67.8 | 81.1 | −4.7 | 17.3 | 2.7 | 20.0 |
| WHO-Sugar3 | ≥2 | 59.1 | 79.7 | 75.1 | −3.4 | 9.4 | 12.7 | 22.1 |
| WHO-SatFat3 | ≥2 | 42.1 | 64.0 | 69.1 | 8.2 | 20.4 | 12.2 | 32.62 |
| WHO-Fat3 | ≥2 | 36.3 | 47.52 | 68.1 | 7.9 | 22.8 | 14.9 | 37.72 |
| Legumes | ≥1 | 78.5 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Nuts and seeds | ≥1 | 0.3 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Whole grains | ≥1 | 21.7 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Processed meat3 | ≥1 | 21.8 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| GDR score4 | ≥1 | 42.1 | 69.4 | 71.3 | 9.1 | 19.2 | 10.1 | 29.3 |
| United States | ||||||||
| WHO-FV | ≥3 | 14.5 | 56.4 | 90.3 | 4.2 | 8.7 | 4.5 | 13.2 |
| WHO-Fiber | ≥4 | 21.8 | 57.6 | 82.4 | 4.8 | 15.8 | 4.4 | 20.2 |
| WHO-Sugar3,5 | ≥2 | 60.9 | 81.9 | 67.4 | 3.4 | 13.8 | 10.4 | 24.3 |
| WHO-SatFat3 | ≥2 | 59.1 | 72.7 | 56.0 | 6.6 | 20.9 | 14.3 | 35.22 |
| WHO-Fat 3 | ≥2 | 71.7 | 79.2 | 40.72 | 9.4 | 22.3 | 13.0 | 35.32 |
| Legumes | ≥1 | 21.4 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Nuts and seeds | ≥1 | 16.7 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Whole grains6 | ≥1 | 37.1 | 68.0 | 100.0 | −17.42 | 0.0 | 17.4 | 17.4 |
| Processed meat3 | ≥1 | 38.6 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| GDR score4 | ≥1 | 29.4 | 72.3 | 82.3 | 8.0 | 13.9 | 5.9 | 19.8 |
Values are percentage points for the estimated minus actual population prevalence and percentages for all other statistics. All values are based on unweighted data. GDR, Global Dietary Recommendations; HDI-2020, Healthy Diet Indicator 2020; WHO-FV, WHO-Fruits and Vegetables (score); WHO-SatFat, WHO-Saturated Fat (score).
Indicates results that fall outside the predefined criteria for acceptable results.
Higher scores for this candidate indicator indicate a lower probability that the respective recommendation will be met; therefore, the variable for meeting the recommendation was inverted in order to obtain test statistics that are comparable across all candidate indicators.
For the GDR score, the dichotomized HDI-2020 (1 = 6–11 global dietary recommendations met, 0 = 0–5 global dietary recommendations met) was used as the outcome variable.
For the United States, added sugars were used as a proxy for free sugars.
Intake of whole grains is calculated differently in the United States than in Brazil survey data; in the United States, the definition of whole-grain foods excludes some foods that may contain a small amount of whole grain, such as unspecified breads, cereals, chips, crackers, and muffins. This explains why whole-grain consumption based on the quantitative intake data does not match perfectly with the yes/no determination based on consumption of “whole grain foods.”