Figure 1.

The process of normal establishment of a healthy microbiota (A) and potential consequences of early onset dysbiosis (B). The microbiota of infants starts as less diverse and with high inter-individual variability; upon reaching adulthood the microbiota stabilizes, presenting increased diversity and more similarities in composition between individuals. The introduction of early disturbers such as antibiotic use or pathogen infection during development can impact the infant microbiota and lead to dysbiosis, which ultimately may lead to a series of metabolic or atopic disorders.