Table 1.

Extracted parameters (mean ± standard deviation) as normalized values from lower limb exercises for both PD patients and HC subjects.

Ex	Biomechanical features	Acronym	Patients	Control	p value
GAIT	Gait Time Gait Strides Gait Frequency Stride Time Swing Time Stance Time Relative Stance Angular Excursion	F_GT F_GSTRD F_GF F_GSTRDT F_GSWT F_GSTT F_GRS F_GANG	0.155 ± 0.145 0.127 ± 0.142 0.544 ± 0.222 0.127 ± 0.142 0.329 ± 0.144 0.379 ± 0.202 0.564 ± 0.183 0.671 ± 0.191	0.928 ± 0.426 0.661 ± 0.363 0.571 ± 0.169 0.661 ± 0.363 0.311 ± 0.104 0.385 ± 0.154 0.594 ± 0.136 0.746 ± 0.125	0.002* 0.000* 0.803 0.000* 0.380 0.623 0.417 0.016*
ROTA	Rotation Time Rotation Strides Rotation Frequency Stance Time Relative Stance	F_RT F_RSTRD F_RF F_RSTT F_RRS	0.226 ± 0.548 0.207 ± 0.176 0.372 ± 0.211 0.207 ± 0.176 0.596 ± 0.150	0.787 ± 0.548 0.104 ± 0.503 0.437 ± 0.248 0.104 ± 0.503 0.552 ± 0.142	0.000* 0.000* 0.220 0.000* 0.127
HTTP	Heel Frequency Taps Heel angle Heel Frequency CV Heel angle CV Energy Expenditure	F_HTTP_fH F_HTTP_taps F_HTTP_H-angle F_HTTP_CV-fH F_HTTP_CV-Hangle F_HTTP_IAV	0.521 ± 0.220 0.514 ± 0.221 0.233 ± 0.199 0.539 ± 0.248 0.660 ± 0.260 0.552 ± 0.198	0.691 ± 0.140 0.685 ± 0.143 0.345 ± 0.215 0.507 ± 0.202 0.651 ± 0.235 0.706 ± 0.105	0.000* 0.000* 0.007* 0.466 0.985 0.000*
TTHP	Toe Frequency Taps Toe angle Toe Frequency CV Toe angle CV Energy Expenditure	F_TTHP_fT F_TTHP_taps F_TTHP_T-angle F_TTHP_CV-fT F_TTHP_CV-Tangle F_TTHP_IAV	0.490 ± 0.212 0.532 ± 0.201 0.634 ± 0.226 0.496 ± 0.259 0.634 ± 0.226 0.670 ± 0.244	0.530 ± 0.194 0.581 ± 0.178 0.420 ± 0.253 0.425 ± 0.259 0.528 ± 0.283 0.820 ± 0.580	0.128 0.118 0.021* 0.215 0.063 0.020*
HETO	Toe Frequency Heel Frequency Heel-Toe Frequency Taps Toe Angle Heel Angle Heel-Toe Frequency CV Toe Angle CV Heel Angle CV Energy Expenditure	F_HETO_fTT F_HETO_fHH F_HETO_fHT F_HETO_taps F_HETO_ToeAng F_HETO_HeelAg F_HETO_fHT_Cv F_HETO_ToeAngC F_HETO_HeelAng_CV F_HETO_IAV	0.308 ± 0.117 0.312 ± 0.117 0.315 ± 0.121 0.298 ± 0.121 0.286 ± 0.160 0.285 ± 0.151 0.330 ± 0.126 0.286 ± 0.160 0.285 ± 0.151 0.762 ± 0.182	0.420 ± 0.155 0.425 ± 0.154 0.426 ± 0.146 0.416 ± 0.156 0.432 ± 0.173 0.422 ± 0.169 0.370 ± 0.154 0.432 ± 0.173 0.422 ± 0.169 0.855 ± 0.076	0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.000* 0.152 0.000* 0.000* 0.007*
HEHE	Signal Average Power Fundamental Frequency Peak in PSD Energy Expenditure	F_HEHE_AVGPWR F_HEHE_FREQ F_HEHE_PEAK F_HEHE_IAV	0.202 ± 0.229 0.282 ± 0.140 0.121 ± 0.139 0.221 ± 0.167	0.525 ± 0.202 0.330 ± 0.115 0.339 ± 0.196 0.441 ± 0.167	0.000* 0.028* 0.000* 0.000*

Also, p values from the Mann–Whitney test are reported

*Statistical significance at 95% confidence level (p < 0.05)