Differential gene expression in GalR mutants. D39, D39ΔgalR, D39AAA, D39ATT, D39SAT, D39STA, D39AAT, D39ATA, and D39SAA were cultured overnight on blood agar plates, washed, and resuspended to a final OD600 of 0.25 in CDM + Gal and incubated for 30 min. RNA was then extracted and the levels of galR (A), galK (B), and lacD (C) mRNA were quantitated by qRT-PCR using gyrA as an internal control. Data presented are the mean ± standard deviation from three independent experiments, expressed as a percentage of the result for D39. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001, unpaired t test (relative to D39); ns, not significant; X, transcript absent due to gene deletion.