Differential gene expression in Leloir and T6P pathway mutants. D39, D39ΔgalR, D39ΔgalK, D39ΔlacAB, D39ΔlacD, D39ΔgalRΔlacD, and D39AAA were cultured overnight on blood agar, washed, and resuspended to a final OD600 of 0.25 in CDM + Gal and incubated for 30 min. RNA was then extracted, and qRT-PCR was used to assess levels of galR, galK, lacAB, and lacD mRNA, using gyrA as an internal control. Data presented are the mean ± standard deviation from three independent experiments, expressed as a percentage of that for D39. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001, by unpaired t test (relative to D39); ns, not significant; X, transcript absent due to gene deletion.