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. 2020 Dec 8;10:426. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01108-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a–e Open field test (n = 12 for each genotype). Gad1^−/− rats exhibited decreased distance traveled compared with Gad1^+/+ (t(16.051) = –2.6272, p < 0.05) (a), but their moving speed was unaltered (t(15.717) = −0.6772, p = 0.5081) (b). Duration per movement (t(21.82) = –4.541, p < 0.001) (c) and number of rearing events (t(16.456) = −3.8561, p < 0.01) (d) were also decreased in Gad1^−/− rats, suggesting hypoactivity in the open field. Gad1^−/− rats stayed less time in the center region (W = 37, p < 0.05) (e). f Response to NMDA receptor antagonist (Gad1^+/+, n = 12; Gad1^−/−, n = 11). Gad1^−/− rats showed hypoactivity at baseline (0–30 min; genotype × time, F(2, 40) = 9.3185, p < 0.001) but showed enhanced hyperactivity after MK-801 injection (0.2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) (30–180 min; genotype × time, F(14, 280) = 1.9404, p < 0.05; simple main effect of genotype, adjusted by Holm’s method for multiple comparisons; 130–140 min, p < 0.05; 150–160 min, p < 0.05). g Forced swim test (Gad1^+/+, n = 12; Gad1^−/−, n = 11). Gad1^−/− rats showed a significant decrease in immobility (genotype main effect, F(1, 20) = 6.4689, p < 0.05). The results are presented as the average ± SEM. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (e), two-way repeated measures ANOVA (f–h), and Welch’s t-test (others). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; NS not significant.