Table 3.
The mean scores and ANCOVA results of psychosocial functions before and after intervention.
|
Mean (SD) |
Residuals comparison (ANCOVA, covariance: sex, age, blood pressure, BMI, education, value of pre-test) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Main effect of the group |
Multiple comparisons by Dunnett's method | |||||||||||||||
| PCG (n = 35) | 3gIG (n = 35) | 6gIG (n = 33) | 3gIG vs. PCG | 6gIG vs. PCG | ||||||||||||
| Pre | Post |
Residual (post-pre) |
Pre | Post |
Residual (post-pre) |
Pre | Post | Residual (post-pre) | F-value | p-value | t-value | Adj. p-value | t-value | Adj. p-value | ||
| WHO five well-being index | Score (0–25) |
16.94 (3.21) |
16.60 (3.38) |
−0.34 (4.13) |
16.71 (3.85) |
16.89 (3.48) |
0.17 (2.84) |
16.73 (4.26) |
18.30 (3.51) |
1.58 (3.69) |
3.49 | 0.03* | 0.49 | 0.84 | 2.51 | 0.03* |
| SF-36 | ||||||||||||||||
| Physical functioning |
Score (0–100) |
93.71 (7.21) |
92.71 (6.79) |
−1.00 (6.62) |
89.00 (11.03) |
92.57 (9.10) |
3.57 (6.92) |
88.64 (13.65) |
91.21 (10.16) |
2.58 (9.36) |
1.74 | 0.18 | 1.86 | 0.12 | 0.88 | 0.58 |
| Role physical | Score (0–100) |
93.75 (9.94) |
90.89 (12.06) |
−2.86 (11.28) |
91.07 (12.43) |
91.61 (14.46) |
0.54 (17.37) |
91.29 (13.62) |
92.42 (12.67) |
1.14 (11.64) |
0.42 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.75 | 0.88 | 0.58 |
| Bodily pain | Score (0–100) |
76.43 (16.77) |
71.11 (15.53) |
−5.31 (19.83) |
78.31 (19.48) |
73.69 (20.00) |
−4.63 (21.42) |
74.76 (17.57) |
76.45 (16.77) |
1.70 (13.11) |
1.32 | 0.27 | 0.36 | 0.91 | 1.56 | 0.21 |
| General health | Score (0–100) |
73.94 (12.74) |
73.09 (12.46) |
−0.86 (13.71) |
71.66 (14.19) |
73.03 (16.06) |
1.37 (9.32) |
71.27 (13.21) |
72.42 (13.20) |
1.15 (8.57) |
0.23 | 0.80 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 0.49 | 0.84 |
| Vitality | Score (0–100) |
70.54 (14.74) |
69.64 (16.12) |
−0.89 (17.49) |
65.71 (12.63) |
69.29 (13.59) |
3.57 (13.24) |
65.91 (13.54) |
72.16 (13.98) |
6.25 (11.9) |
1.01 | 0.37 | 0.78 | 0.65 | 1.42 | 0.27 |
| Social functioning |
Score (0–100) |
93.57 (11.89) |
92.14 (14.57) |
−1.43 (15.98) |
93.21 (12.26) |
91.43 (14.78) |
−1.79 (14.27) |
93.18 (13.29) |
95.83 (8.65) |
2.65 (12.79) |
1.18 | 0.31 | −0.07 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 0.33 |
| Role emotional | Score (0–100) |
92.14 (14.14) |
92.38 (11.50) |
0.24 (14.22) |
92.62 (12.75) |
93.10 (13.48) |
0.48 (12.93) |
91.67 (13.66) |
92.68 (13.94) |
1.01 (14.55) |
0.11 | 0.90 | 0.39 | 0.90 | 0.40 | 0.89 |
| Mental health | Score (0–100) |
79.71 (11.18) |
79.14 (10.95) |
−0.57 (10.76) |
79.29 (11.83) |
78.57 (10.61) |
−0.71 (10.99) |
81.52 (11.62) |
81.52 (10.72) |
0.00 (9.6) |
0.36 | 0.70 | 0.17 | 0.98 | 0.81 | 0.64 |
| JST-IC | ||||||||||||||||
| Technology usage |
Score (0–4) |
3.86 (0.36) |
3.97 (0.17) |
0.11 (0.32) |
3.91 (0.37) |
3.86 (0.60) |
−0.06 (0.24) |
3.88 (0.33) |
3.94 (0.24) |
0.06 (0.24) |
2.89 | 0.06 | −2.38 | 0.04* | −0.89 | 0.58 |
| Information practice |
Score (0–4) |
3.49 (0.85) |
3.49 (0.70) |
0.00 (0.8) |
3.54 (0.74) |
3.74 (0.51) |
0.20 (0.76) |
3.52 (0.80) |
3.52 (0.67) |
0.00 (0.61) |
2.02 | 0.14 | 1.79 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 1.00 |
| Life management |
Score (0–4) |
3.43 (0.70) |
3.54 (0.74) |
0.11 (0.63) |
3.40 (0.77) |
3.26 (0.89) |
−0.14 (0.69) |
3.48 (0.83) |
3.58 (0.71) |
0.09 (0.84) |
2.28 | 0.11 | −1.78 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.98 |
| Social engagement |
Score (0–4) |
1.71 (1.43) |
1.66 (1.35) |
−0.06 (0.91) |
1.74 (1.44) |
1.77 (1.48) |
0.03 (1.10) |
1.67 (1.31) |
2.30 (1.45) |
0.64 (1.22) |
4.42 | 0.01* | 0.34 | 0.92 | 2.75 | 0.01* |
| LSNS-6 | Score (0–30) |
15.09 (6.22) |
13.71 (5.77) |
−1.37 (3.99) |
14.03 (6.56) |
14.20 (6.48) |
0.17 (4.31) |
15.33 (5.79) |
16.06 (5.60) |
0.73 (4.21) |
3.50 | 0.03* | 1.14 | 0.42 | 2.64 | 0.02* |
| Anxiety of forgetfulness | Score (1–3) |
2.00 (0.54) |
1.86 (0.55) |
−0.14 (0.60) |
2.06 (0.48) |
2.03 (0.62) |
−0.03 (0.57) |
2.21 (0.60) |
2.12 (0.60) |
−0.09 (0.58) |
1.03 | 0.36 | 1.26 | 0.35 | 1.21 | 0.38 |
PCG, Placebo control group; 3gIG, Intervention group who takes amino acid 3 g per day; 6gIG, Intervention group who takes amino acid 6 g per day; JST-IC, The Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence to Assess Functional Capacity; LSNS-6, The abbreviated version of the Lubben social network scale, ANCOVA, Analysis of covariance; BMI, body mass index;
*
p < 0.05.