Skip to main content
. 2020 Dec 2;40(49):9426–9439. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2430-20.2020

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Pharmacological modulation of the submedius thalamic nucleus regulates laryngeal-evoked respiratory reflexes. A, Anesthetized respiratory physiology setup and example of a SubM microinjection site. B, Electrical stimulation of the larynx results in a frequency-dependent slowing of respiration accompanied by hypertension. C–C′′, This respiratory effect (C) is partially reduced by unilateral vagotomy (C′) and completely abolished following bilateral vagotomy (C′′). D–F, Stimulus frequency-dependent responses are assessed before (Before) bilateral microinjection of pharmacological agents into the SubM and repeated afterward (After). D, Stimulation-evoked changes in respiratory rate before and after microinjection of vehicle (N = 9) into the SubM. E, Stimulation-evoked changes in respiratory rate before and after microinjection of 5-HT (N = 9) into the SubM. F, Stimulation-evoked changes in respiratory rate before and after microinjection of muscimol (N = 6) into the SubM. G–I, Blood pressure stimulus–response curves before and after microinjection of vehicle (N = 9; G), microinjection of 5-HT (N = 9; H), and microinjection of muscimol (N = 6) into the SubM (I). *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001, two-tailed paired t test (F–I). Scale bar, A, 300 µm. mt, Mamillary tract. Gray box (B, C) denotes a 10 s period of maximum electrical stimulus intensity.