Table 2. Preoperative demographic characteristics and comorbidities.
| Variable | Total population, n=5,711 (100%) | No frailty mFI =0, n=2,101 (36.8%) | Low frailty mFI =1, n=1,922 (33.7%) | Intermediate frailty mFI =2, n=1,073 (18.8%) | Frail mFI ≥3, n=615 (10.8%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (± SD) (missing: 75/1.3%) | 62.3 (14.5) | 54.6 (13.8) | 64.7 (13.4) | 68.3 (11.8) | 71.3 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Age ≥65 (%) | 2,668 (46.7) | 496 (23.7) | 1,034 (54.5%) | 678 (65.0) | 460 (76.5) | <0.001 |
| Gender female, n (%) (missing: 7/0.1%) | 2,929 (51.3) | 1,159 (55.3) | 1,026 (53.4) | 509 (47.5) | 235 (38.2) | <0.001 |
| Race Caucasian, n (%) (missing: 516/9%) | 3,814 (66.8) | 1,395 (66.4) | 1,278 (66.5) | 728 (67.8) | 413 (67.2) | 0.85 |
| BMI, mean (± SD) (missing: 121/2.1%) | 27.54 (7.98) | 26.3 (7.8) | 27.83 (7.96) | 29 (8.37) | 28.3 (7.27) | <0.001 |
| ASA ≥ 3, n (%) (missing: 8/0.1%) | 3,848 (67.5) | 1,013 (48.3) | 1,333 (69.5) | 912 (85.2) | 590 (95.9) | <0.001 |
| Weight loss, n (%) (missing: 0/0%) | 794 (13.9) | 331 (15.8) | 281 (14.6) | 116 (10.8) | 66 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Steroid use, n (%) (missing: 0/0%) | 163 (2.9) | 35 (1.7) | 46 (2.4) | 42 (3.9) | 40 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Patients with malignancy, n (%) (missing: 0/0%) | 3,317 (58.1) | 1,161 (55.3) | 1,151 (59.9) | 645 (60.1) | 360 (58.5) | 0.01 |
| Chemotherapy, n (%) (missing: 0/0%) | 237 (4.1) | 103 (4.9) | 77 (4.0) | 39 (3.6) | 18 (2.9) | 0.106 |
| Radiotherapy, n (%) (missing: 8/0.1%) | 104 (1.8) | 48 (2.3) | 27 (1.4) | 20 (1.9) | 9 (1.5) | 0.185 |
| Type of operation | <0.001 | |||||
| Distal/partial gastrectomy | 4,175 (73.1) | 1,457 (69.3) | 1,411 (73.4) | 821 (76.5) | 486 (79) | |
| Total gastrectomy | 1,326 (23.2) | 557 (26.5) | 444 (23.1) | 211 (19.7) | 114 (18.5) | |
| Gastrectomy with pouch formation | 210 (3.7) | 87 (4.1) | 67 (3.5) | 41 (3.8) | 15 (2.4) | |
| Platelets ≤50, n (%) (missing: 205/3.6%) | 30 (0.5) | 14 (0.7) | 9 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | 4 (0.7) | 0.5 |
| Hematocrit <30, n (%) (missing: 199/3.5%) | 850 (15.4) | 254 (12.6) | 293 (15.8) | 162 (15.6) | 141 (23.5) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; ASA score, American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA) classification of Physical Health Score. Weight loss: patients with a greater than 10% decrease in body weight in the six-month interval immediately preceding surgery as manifested by serial weights in the chart, as reported by the patient, or as evidenced by change in clothing size or severe cachexia. Patients who have intentionally lost weight as part of a weight reduction program do not qualify. Steroid use: patient who required regular administration of oral or parenteral corticosteroid medications (e.g., Prednisone, Decadron) in the 30 days prior to surgery for a chronic medical condition (e.g., COPD, asthma, rheumatologic disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease). Topical corticosteroids applied to the skin or corticosteroids administered by inhalation or rectally are not included. Patients who only receive short course steroids (duration 10 days or less) in the 30 days prior to surgery are not included. Chemotherapy: if the patient had any chemotherapy treatment for cancer in the 30 days prior to surgery. Chemotherapy may include, but is not restricted to, oral and parenteral treatment with chemotherapeutic agents for malignancies such as colon, breast, lung, head and neck, and gastrointestinal solid tumors as well as lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies such as lymphomas, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Patient is not included if treatment consists solely of hormonal therapy. Radiotherapy: if the patient had any radiotherapy treatment for cancer in the 90 days prior to surgery. Count If the patient had radiation seeds implanted and the implantation was within 90 days prior to the operation.