TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching for patients with and without digoxin therapy
| Before propensity score matching (580) | After propensity score matching (477) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pts without digoxin (395) | Pts with digoxin (185) | P‐value | Pts without digoxin (297) | Pts with digoxin (180) | P‐value | |||
| Male | 443 (76.4%) | 300 (75.9%) | 143 (77.3%) | .722 | 363 (76.1%) | 224 (75.4%) | 139 (77.2%) | .655 |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 61.2 ± 13.0 | 61.6 ± 13.1 | 60.2 ± 12.6 | .201 | 60.7 ± 13.2 | 60.8 ± 13.6 | 60.5 ± 12.7 | .693 |
| Ischemic etiology | 272 (46.9%) | 198 (50.1%) | 74 (40.0%) | .023 | 199 (41.7%) | 128 (43.1%) | 71 (39.4%) | .433 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 160 (27.6%) | 84 (21.3%) | 76 (41.1%) | <.001 | 154 (32.3%) | 83 (27.9%) | 71 (39.4%) | .009 |
| Hypertension | 420 (72.4%) | 294 (74.4%) | 126 (68.1%) | .112 | 332 (69.6%) | 209 (70.4%) | 123 (68.3%) | .639 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 203 (35.0%) | 141 (35.7%) | 62 (33.5%) | .607 | 170 (35.6%) | 109 (36.7%) | 61 (33.9%) | .534 |
| NYHA (mean ± SD) | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | .613 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | .714 |
| LVEF (%) (mean ± SD) | 27.5 ± 6.6 | 28.0 ± 6.6 | 26.4 ± 6.5 | .003 | 26.8 ± 6.6 | 27.0 ± 6.7 | 26.6 ± 6.4 | .384 |
| QRS width (ms) (mean ± SD) | 124 ± 38 | 122 ± 37 | 129 ± 39 | .063 | 127 ± 38 | 127 ± 38 | 127 ± 38 | .974 |
| HR(min−1) (mean ± SD) | 86.3 ± 19.6 | 85.1 ± 19.2 | 89.0 ± 20.0 | .026 | 88.0 ± 20.2 | 87.3 ± 20.3 | 89.0 ± 20.1 | .375 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) (mean ± SD) | 114 ± 48 | 113 ± 45 | 117 ± 53 | .177 | 116 ± 50 | 116 ± 48 | 117 ± 53 | .713 |
| Hgb (g/L) (mean ± SD) a | 142 ± 17 | 141 ± 16 | 143 ± 17 | .116 | 142 ± 16 | 141 ± 15 | 143 ± 17 | .153 |
| ß‐blocker | 233 (40.2%) | 156 (39.5%) | 77 (41.6%) | .626 | 189 (39.6%) | 115 (38.7%) | 74 (41.1%) | .605 |
| ACEi/ARB | 234 (40.3%) | 157 (39.7%) | 77 (41.6%) | .668 | 190 (39.8%) | 116 (39.0%) | 74 (41.1%) | .657 |
| MRA | 213 (36.7%) | 141 (35.7%) | 72 (38.9%) | .453 | 173 (36.3%) | 104 (35.0%) | 69 (38.3%) | .465 |
| Amiodarone | 44 (7.6%) | 27 (6.8%) | 17 (9.2%) | .318 | 42 (8.8%) | 25 (8.4%) | 17 (9.4%) | .701 |
| CRT/ICD | 54 (9.3%) | 30 (7.6%) | 24 (13.0%) | .038 | 51 (10.7%) | 31 (10.4%) | 20 (11.1%) | .818 |
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; Hgb, hemoglobin; HR, heart rate; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA: New York Heart Association functional class.
a
Available for 467 pts before and 383 pts after propensity score matching.