Table 2.

The hazard ratio of single‐pollutant models with the increment of a single unit.

Models	Severance Model 1 a	p	Severance Model 2 b	p	Severance Model 3 c	p	SEER Model	p
Exposure	N = 398		N = 361		N = 37		N = 10 621
PM10 (10 µg/m3)	1.078 (0.994–1.171)		1.095 (1.007–1.192)	0.034	0.887 (0.586–1.341)		1.044 (1.025–1.063)	<0.0001
CO (1 ppm)	3.034 (1.483–6.206)	0.0023	2.745 (1.336–5.642)	0.0059	91.225 (1.032–8066.238)	0.048	1.075 (1.006–1.148)	0.031
Ozone (1 ppb)	0.994 (0.982–1.006)		0.996 (0.984–1.009)		0.99 (0.933–1.05)		1.004 (1.002–1.006)	<0.001
SO2 (1 ppb)	1.09 (1.026–1.159)	0.0057	1.09 (1.024–1.159)	0.0066	1.06 (0.685–1.64)		0.990 (0.983–0.998)	0.014
NO2 (1 ppb)	1.01 (0.999–1.021)		1.011 (0.999–1.022)		0.992 (0.941–1.046)		0.998 (0.996–0.999)	0.032

All models are adjusted by age, sex, radiation method, radiation surgery sequence, chemotherapy status, and race. Bold indicates significant values (p < 0.05).

PM: particulate matter, CO: carbon monoxide, O₃: ozone, SO₂: sulfur dioxide, NO₂: nitrogen dioxide, ppm: parts per million, ppb: parts per billion.

^aAll GBM patients included for the Cox model.

^bIDH‐wild‐type GBM model.

^cIDH‐mutant GBM model.