Table 2.
Proportion of antibiotic resistance of five GLASS pathogens1 among populations in conflict and non-conflict affected Middle Eastern countries, described as percentage median resistance and interquartile range (IQR) of data reported in 116 articles
| GLASS pathogen | Resistance profile of public health importance | Overall percentage median resistance | Percentage median resistance in conflict-affected countries | Percentage median resistance in non-conflict affected countries | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Total number of isolates) | (Total number of isolates tested) | (IQR) | (IQR) | (IQR) | |
| Acinetobacter spp. (6′129) | Carbapenem-resistant (5′825) | 74.23 (25.89–88.33) | 78.00 (58.97–82.41) | 72.73 (23.23–91.30) | [42, 46–48, 61, 63, 65, 68, 80, 83, 85, 88, 90, 92, 97, 99, 101, 104, 106, 108, 110, 115, 123, 124, 126, 131, 133–135, 138, 140, 153, 157, 167, 171, 172] |
| E. coli (41′472) | Carbapenem-resistant (36′116) | 8.07 (0.54–25.34) | 1.33 (0–7.58) | 14.29 (5.00–50.00) | [42, 45, 47–49, 54, 59, 65, 67, 71, 75, 76, 87, 89, 91, 99, 105, 107, 109, 32, 6, 114–117, 119, 123, 128, 133, 143, 151, 155, 160, 166, 172] |
| ESBL-producing (35′655) | 32.30 (21.75–50.93) | 25.85 (14.99–48.43) | 39.21 (27.75–51.94) | [45, 52, 54, 59, 62, 72, 73, 75, 76, 79, 105, 114, 117, 123, 135, 141, 154, 155, 159, 160, 164, 165] | |
| K. pneumoniae (2′373) | Carbapenem resistant (1′341) | 15.39 (2.03–24.67) | 17.71 (9.94–26.56) | 15.00 (1.21–20.18) | [42, 47, 69, 76, 84, 86, 92, 99, 104, 107, 112, 115–118, 145, 153, 155, 158, 160, 172] |
| ESBL-producing (1′013) | 27.91 (20.39–66.03) | 75.46 (70.42–80.49) | 22.50 (19.65–38-10) | [52, 62, 72, 76, 117, 155, 158, 160, 164, 165] | |
| S. aureus (8′886) | MRSA (8′403) | 45.08 (25.96–61.57) | 43.37 (28.11–59.42) | 45.32 (24.44–61.42) | [41, 43, 44, 51–53, 55–57, 65, 66, 71, 74, 77, 78, 81, 95, 96, 102, 111, 116, 121, 123, 125, 128, 129, 133, 135, 136, 139, 144, 148, 150, 161, 163, 168, 170] |
| VRSA (6′170) | 0 (0–10.20) | 1.32 (0.08–3.84) | 0 (0–16.67) | [44, 51, 65, 70, 71, 89, 95, 96, 103, 116, 123, 128, 133, 134, 139, 142, 144, 150, 168] | |
| S. pneumoniae (1′766) | Penicillin non-susceptible (1′050) | 50.00 (8.78–68.95) | 10.90 (5.45–30.45) | 55.00 (20.42–77.81) | [50, 64, 93, 99, 120, 127, 152, 156] |
1 WHO. Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) Report: Early Implementation 2016–2017. Geneva, Switzerland; 2017